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Phenotypic plasticity in clutch size regulation among populations of a potential invasive fruit fly from environments that vary in host heterogeneity and isolation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 May 2018

M. Aluja ,
A. Birke ,
F. Díaz-Fleischer  and
J. Rull
M. Aluja*
Affiliation:
Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Apartado Postal 63, 91000 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
A. Birke
Affiliation:
Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Apartado Postal 63, 91000 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
F. Díaz-Fleischer
Affiliation:
INBIOTECA, Universidad Veracruzana, 91000 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
J. Rull
Affiliation:
PROIMI Biotecnología-CONICET, LIEMEN-División Control Biológico de Plagas, Av. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros, T4001MVB San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
*
*Author for correspondence Phone: +52-228-8421841 E-mail: martin.aluja@inecol.mx
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Abstract

Phenotypic plasticity is thought to evolve in response to environmental unpredictability and can shield genotypes from selection. However, selection can also act on plastic traits. Egg-laying behaviour, including clutch size regulation, is a plastic behavioural trait among tephritid fruit flies. We compared plasticity in clutch size regulation among females of Anastrepha ludens populations stemming from environments that differed in the degree of predictability in egg-laying opportunities. Clutch size regulation in response to hosts of different sizes was compared among flies from (a) a wild, highly isolated population, (b) a wild population that switches seasonally from a small wild host fruit that varies greatly in abundance to an abundant large-sized commercial host, and (c) a laboratory population. Flies from all three populations adjusted clutch number and size according to host size. However, flies from the heterogeneous wild environment were more plastic in adjusting clutch size than flies from agricultural settings that also laid fewer eggs; yet both populations were more plastic in adjusting clutch size in line with host size when compared with laboratory females. When wild and orchard females encountered the largest host, clutch size was extremely variable and egg regulation did not follow the same trend. Heterogeneity in host availability in space and time appears to be as important as seasonal variation in host size in maintaining plastic clutch size regulation behaviour. In stable environments, there was a clear reduction in the plasticity of these traits.

Keywords

invasive speciesbehavioural plasticityenvironmental variabilityclutch size regulation
Type
Research Papers
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 109 , Issue 2 , April 2019 , pp. 169 - 177
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2018 

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