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Comparing Near Eastern Neolithic Megasites and Southwestern Pueblos: Population Size, Exceptionalism and Historical Trajectories

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 June 2018

Wesley Bernardini  and
Gregson Schachner
Wesley Bernardini
Affiliation:
Department of Sociology & Anthropology, University of Redlands, 1200 East Colton Avenue, P.O. Box 3080, Redlands, CA 92373, USA Email: Wesley_Bernardini@redlands.edu
Gregson Schachner
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles, 341 Haines Hall, Box 951553, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA Email: gschachner@anthro.ucla.edu
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Abstract

Çatalhöyük and other Near Eastern Neolithic ‘megasites’ are commonly interpreted as exceptional because of their large size and early dates. In this paper, we question exceptional claims about the size and social organization of megasites like Çatalhöyük by comparing them to pueblos in the American Southwest. We argue that Çatalhöyük and other Near Eastern Neolithic megasites are better understood as large villages whose size, layout and social organization compare readily to many of the late prehispanic and historic-period pueblos in the American Southwest. We suggest that four factors contribute to disparate interpretations of structurally similar sites in the Near East and American Southwest: 1) surface architectural visibility; 2) different regional intellectual traditions that emphasize ‘micro’ versus ‘macro’ scale social organization; 3) a tendency toward overestimation in archaeological population estimates, especially when the ‘biggest’ or the ‘earliest’ sites are involved; and 4) perceptions of continuity with later time periods.

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Research Article
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Cambridge Archaeological Journal , Volume 28 , Issue 4 , November 2018 , pp. 647 - 663
Copyright
Copyright © McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research 2018 

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