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Biology of Caloptilia fraxinella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) on ornamental green ash, Fraxinus pennsylvanica (Oleaceae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2012

M.L. Evenden
M.L. Evenden
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, CW 405 Biological Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9 (e-mail: mevenden@ualberta.ca)
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Abstract

The ash leaf cone roller, Caloptilia fraxinella (Ely), is a leaf-mining moth that has recently become a significant pest of horticultural ash, Fraxinus L., species in communities throughout the western prairie provinces of Canada. The study examines the spatial and temporal within-host distribution of immature stages of C. fraxinella on green ash, Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Female C. fraxinella showed a preference for oviposition sites in the lower canopy and on the south side of the tree at the beginning and middle of the 3-week oviposition period, respectively, but no preference at the end of the period. Oviposition was constrained temporally and occurred mainly just after green ash bud flush. Immature stages were sampled throughout the growing season, and measured widths of larval head capsules showed five instars. Fourth-instar larvae disperse from the mined leaflet to a new leaflet, roll it into a cone, and pupate. Neither canopy height nor ordinal direction affected the position of larvae in the canopy, but numbers of immature stages varied by tree within a site. Female and male moths eclose from rolled leaf cones synchronously throughout the emergence period. The study provides some of the basic biological information required to design an integrated pest management program to target this emerging pest of horticultural ash trees.

Résumé

Caloptilia fraxinella (Ely) est un papillon de nuit à larve mineuse de feuilles qui est récemment devenu un important ravageur d’espèces du frêne horticole, Fraxinus L., dans les communautés de l’ensemble des provinces des prairies de l’ouest du Canada. La présente étude examine la répartition spatiale et temporelle sur l’hôte des stades immatures de C. fraxinella sur le frêne rouge, Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Les femelles de C. fraxinella montrent des préférences de sites de ponte sur la canopée inférieure et sur le côté sud de l’arbre, respectivement au début et au milieu de la période de ponte, qui dure 3 semaines; elles ne montrent aucune préférence à la fin de la période. La ponte est restreinte dans le temps et se fait principalement juste après le débourrement des bourgeons du frêne rouge. Les stades immatures ont été échantillonnés durant toute la saison de croissance et les largeurs des capsules céphaliques des larves indiquent l’existence de cinq stades larvaires. Les larves de quatrième stade quittent les petites feuilles qu’elles minaient, se déplacent vers une nouvelle jeune feuille qu’elles enroulent en un cône pour y faire leur nymphose. Il n’y a pas d’effet de la hauteur de la canopée, ni de l’orientation sur l’emplacement des larves dans la canopée, mais le nombre d’immatures varie d’un arbre à l’autre dans un même site. Les papillons femelles et mâles émergent de façon synchrone des cônes de feuilles durant toute la période d’émergence. Cette étude fournit les données biologiques de base nécessaires pour planifier un programme de lutte intégrée contre ce nouveau ravageur des frênes horticoles qui est en progression.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 141 , Issue 1 , February 2009 , pp. 31 - 39
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2009

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