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CONE AND SEED INSECTS IN DOUGLAS-FIR, PSEUDOTSUGA MENZIESII (MIRB.) FRANCO, SEED ORCHARDS IN THE WESTERN UNITED STATES: DISTRIBUTION AND RELATIVE IMPACT

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

T.D. Schowalter ,
M.I. Haverty  and
T.W. Koerber
T.D. Schowalter
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA 97331
M.I. Haverty
Affiliation:
U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Berkeley, California, USA 94701
T.W. Koerber
Affiliation:
U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Berkeley, California, USA 94701
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Abstract

Douglas-fir cones were collected from 17 seed orchards in California, Oregon, and Washington in the fall of 1983. Cones were completely dissected and seed losses ascribed to the Douglas-fir cone gall midge (Contarinia oregonensis (Foote)), the Douglas-fir seed chalcid (Megastigmus spermotrophus (Wachtl)), the Douglas-fir cone moth (Barbara colfaxiana (Kearfott)), and the fir coneworm (Dioryctria abietivorella (Groté)). There appear to be great differences between orchards, but overall C. oregonensis and M. spermotrophus collectively destroyed approximately 70% of the filled seed. Physiographic province significantly (P<0.05) explained variation in damage by all insect species between seed orchards. In general, damage by all species increased from northern provinces to southern mountainous provinces. Damage by C. oregonensis and B. colfaxiana appeared to be related to land use or management factors, as well.

Résumé

En automne de l'année 1983, des cônes de sapins Douglas ont été receuilli de 17 graineteries en Californie, en Oregon et au Washington. Les cônes ont été complètement disséqué et les pertes de graines sont attribuées aux moucherons d'écorce des pins Douglas (Contarinia oregonensis (Foote)), aux guêpes grainières des pins Douglas (Megastigmus spermotrophus (Wachtl)), aux mites des cônes Douglas (Barbara colfaxiana (Kearfott)) et aux vers de cônes (Dioryctria abietivorella (Groté)). Des différences semblent exister d'une graineterie à une autre, mais au total C. oregonensis et M. spermotrophus ont détruit ensemble environ 70% de la graine pleine. La province physiographique expliqua avec signification la variation (P<0,05) des dégâsts causés par toutes les sortes d'insectes entre les diverses graineteries. En général, les dégâts causés par toutes les espèces augmentèrent des provinces nordiques aux provinces montagneuses du sud. Les dégâts causés par C. oregonensis et par B. colfaxiana paraissent aussi être liés à l'utilisation de la terre ou aux facteurs administratifs.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 117 , Issue 10 , October 1985 , pp. 1223 - 1230
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1985

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