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PHYTOPHAGOUS INSECT COMPLEX ASSOCIATED WITH CONES OF WHITE FIR, ABIES CONCOLOR (GORD. AND GLEND.) LINDL., AND ITS IMPACT ON SEED PRODUCTION

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Patrick J. Shea
Patrick J. Shea
Affiliation:
Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Berkeley, California, USA94701
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Abstract

White fir cones were sampled for insect damage from wild stands in California and Nevada during 1984–1986. Insects were recovered from cones and seed damage was partitioned by insect species. The important phytophagous insects were separated into guilds: the cone- and seed-mining guild, Dioryctria abietivorella Groté, Eucosma prob. siskiyouana (Kearfoot), Cydia prob. bracteatana (Fernald), Barbara sp.; the seed-feeding guild, Megastigmus pinus Parfitt, M. rafni Hoffmeyer, Earomyia abietum McAlpine; and the scale- and bract-feeding guild, Asynapta hopkinsi Felt, Dasineura prob. abiesemia Foote, Resseliella conicola (Foote), Strobilomyia abietis (Huckett). Total damage by insects varied by year and site, reaching a maximum of 47% in 1986 on one site and a minimum of 12.5% in 1984 on another. Abortion and incomplete development also were major factors in the production of sound seed. Populations of white fir cone and seed insects varied with cone crop but also were affected by the occurrence of cone crops on alternate hosts. During most years, the seed-mining guild insects were the major cause of seed damage.

Résumé

Des cônes de sapin blanc ont été échantillonnés pour vérifier la présence le dommage dû aux insectes dans des boisés sauvages en Californie et au Nevada de 1984 à 1986. Les insectes ont été extraits des cônes et le dommage causé aux graines a pu être attribué aux insectes par espèce. Les insectes phytophages importants ont été séparés en guildes : la guilde mineuse du cône ou de la graine : Dioryctria abietivorella Groté, Eucosma prob. siskiyouana (Kearfoot), Cydia prob. bracteatana (Fernald), Barbara sp.; la guilde granivore : Megastigmus pinus Parfitt, M. rafni Hoffmeyer, Earomyia abietum McAlpine; et la guilde se nourrissant d’écaillés ou de bractées : Asynapta hopkinsi Felt, Dasineura prob. abiesemia Foote, Resseliella conicola (Foote), Strobilomyia abietis (Huckett). Le dommage total dû aux insectes a varié selon l’année et le site, atteignant un maximum de 47% en 1986 à un site en particulier, et un minimum de 12,5% en 1984 à un autre site. L’avortement ou le développement incomplet se sont avérés être des facteurs majeurs de la production de graines saines. Les populations d’insectes ont varié en fonction de la production de cônes et de graines du sapin blanc, mais aussi en fonction de la présence de cônes sur des hôtes alternants, La plupart du temps, la guilde d’insectes mineuses de graines était la cause majeure de dommage aux graines.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 121 , Issue 8 , August 1989 , pp. 699 - 708
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1989

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