Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-x24gv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-08T01:28:37.943Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Some Concepts on the Ecological Basis of Biological Control of Weeds1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

C. B. Huffaker
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Control, University of California, Albany

Extract

Contrary to a common conception, employment of biological control of weeds is fundamentally the same as the employment of biological control of insect pests. The goal in each case is not eradication but the reduction of pest populations to non-injurious levels. The ecological relationships which apply in the regulation of any organism by natural enemies in the undisturbed natural scene also apply when we attempt to introduce a natural enemy not already present. While it is true that our work has an economic or applied objective, the pursuit of objectives in biological control in general takes us deeply into fundamental considerations – fundamentals which constitute the broad science of ecology.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1962

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allen, H. W. 1932. Present status of oriental fruit moth parasite investigations. Jour. Econ Ent. 25(2): 360367.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bodenheimer, F. S. 1928. Welche Faktoren regulieren die Individuenzahl einer Insektenart in der Natur? Biol. Centralblatt 48: 714738.Google Scholar
Braun-Blanquet, J., Fuller, G. D. and Conard, H. S.. 1932. Plant Sociology. McGraw-Hill, New York. 439 pp.Google Scholar
Brues, C. T. 1946. Insect Dietary. Harvard University Press. Cambridge, Mass.466 pp.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeBach, P. 1958. Application of ecological information to control of citrus pests in California. Proc. 10th Internat'l. Congr. Ent. 3: 187194.Google Scholar
DeBach, P. 1958. The role of weather and entomophagous species in the natural control of insect populations. Jour. Econ. Ent. 51(4): 474484.Google Scholar
Flanders, S. E. 1958. The role of the ant in the biological control of scale insects in California. Proc. 10th Internat'l. Congr. Ent. 4: 579582.Google Scholar
Fleschner, C. A. 1958. Field approach to population studies of tetranychid mites on citrus and avocado in California. Proc. 10th Internat'l. Congr. Ent. 2: 669674.Google Scholar
Fleschner, C. A. 1959. Biological control of insect pests. Science 129(3348): 537544.Google Scholar
Franz, J. M. 1958. The effectiveness of predators and food in limiting gradations of Adelges (Dreyfusia) piceae (Ratz.) in Europe. Proc. 10th Internat'l. Congr. Ent. 4: 781787.Google Scholar
Hairston, N. G., Smith, F. E. and Slobodkin, L. B.. 1960. Community structure, population control, and competition. The American Naturalist, XCIV, No. 879: 421425.Google Scholar
Hambleton, E. J. 1944. Heliothis virescens as a pest of cotton, with notes on host plants in Peru. Jour. Econ. Ent. 37(5): 660666.Google Scholar
Holloway, J. K., and Huffaker, C. B.. 1952. Insets to control a weed. In Insects, Yearbook of Agriculture 1952. U.S. Dept. Agric.Google Scholar
Huffaker, C. B. 1959. Biological control of weeds with insects. Ann. Rev. Ent. 4: 251276.Google Scholar
Huffaker, C. B., and Kennett, C. E.. 1959. A ten-year study of vegetational changes associated with biological control of Klamath weed. Jour. Range Mgt. 12(2): 69 82.Google Scholar
Huffaker, C. B., Kennett, C. E., and Finney, G. L.. In Press. Biological Control of olive scale, Parlatoria oleae (Colvée), by imported Aphytis maculicornis (Masi) in California. Hilgardia.Google Scholar
Imms, A. D. 1937. Biological control of noxious weeds. In Recent Advances in Entomology, pp. 410419. P. Blakiston and Sons, Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Morris, R. F. 1959. Single-factor analysis in population dynamics. Ecology 40(4): 580592.Google Scholar
Rodriguez, J. C., and Rodriguez, L. D.. 1952. The relation between minerals, B-complex vitamins and mite populations in tomato foliage. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 45(2): 331338.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simmonds, H. W. 1933. The biological control of the weed Clidemia hirta D. Don, in Fiji. Bul. Ent. Res. 24: 345348.Google Scholar
Smith, H. S. 1935. The role of biotic factors in the determination of population densities. Jour. Econ. Ent. 28(6): 874898.Google Scholar
Stern, V. M., Smith, R. F., van den Bosch, R., and Hagen, K. S.. 1959. The integration of chemical and biological control of the spotted alfalfa aphid: The integrated control concept. Hilgardia 29(2): 81101.Google Scholar
Tevis, L. Jr., 1958. Interrelations between the harvester ant Veromessor pergandei (Mayr) and some desert ephemerals. Ecology 39(4): 695704.Google Scholar
Thompson, W. R. 1929. On natural control. Parasitology 21: 269281.Google Scholar
Ullyett, G. C. 1947. Mortality factors in populations of Plutella maculipennis Curtis (Tineidae: Lep.), and their relation to the problem of control. Union S. Africa, Dept. Agríc. Ent. Mem. 2(6): 77202.Google Scholar
Wille, J. E. 1951. Biological control of certain cotton insects and the application of new organic insecticides in Peru. Jour. Econ. Ent. 44(1): 1318.Google Scholar
Wilson, F. 1950. Biological control of weeds. In New Biology. Penquin Books, No. 8, pp. 5174.Google Scholar