One of the problems arising from severe outbreaks of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), is the evaluation of the factors contributing to the decline of the host trees. An intensive study of the death and deterioration of balsam fir, Abies balsamea (L.) Mill., was carried out from 1946 to 1951 in the area southwest of Lake Nipigon in northwestern Ontario, where a severe spruce budworm outbreak was in progress.

The following notes and descriptions concern the feeding habits, distribution, and other characters of several species and presumed subspecies of Cerambycidae, Chrysomelidae, and Bruchidae.

Xylotrechus annosus emotus n. subsp.

Occurring in British Columbia, Washington, and California; differing from annosus annosus (Say) in having the pale areas of the elytra larger and more numerous; the pattern of the elytra therefore much more conspicuous than in annosus annosus, which is restricted regions east of the Rocky Mountains.

In 1936, 1937, and 1938 several colonies of Bigonicheta setipennis (Fall.), a dipterous parasite, were liberated in Vancouver, British Columbia, to aid in the control of the European earwig, Forficula auricularia L. During September and October, 1950, an investigation was initiated to determine the abundance and distribution of this parasite and, if possible, to obtain colonies for release in Newfoundland. Approximately 6,000 of B. setipennis were reared from 50,000 trapped earwigs.

Three species of caterpillars commonly attack cabbage at Ottawa, namely, the imported cabbageworm, Pieris rapae (L.), the larva of the diamondback moth, Plutella maculipennis (Curt.) and the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hbn.). All three species are readily controlled with DDT sprays or dusts but the timing of the applications is imporrant. Growers sometimes begin dusting or spraying too early, wasting one or more applications, or they delay the first application until mid-August, when severe damage has already occurred. This paper is a report on four seasons' experiments at Ottawa, 1947 to 1950, to determine the number and timing of applications of DDT required for control of caterpillars on late cabbage.

Leafhoppers of the genera Orocastus and Auridius are locally abundant in grassland regions in Western Canada. They are small insects, the males golden yellow and the females stramineous in colour. The two genera are distinguished from each other by characters of the internal male genitalia. The species are distinguished primarily by these characters and by the form of the seventh sternite of the female. There has been some confusion between the species, partly because the sexes were wrongly associated by some authors and partly because the extent of the individual variation was not appreciated fully. The following are descriptions and illustrations of the distinctive character; of the four species found in Canada, with notes on the distributions and variation. One species new to science is described and one species is reduced to synonymy.

In 1936, Noskiewicz proposed the name C. albescens for a new species of Colletes restricted to the Iberian Peninsula. The name is preoccupied by albescens Cresson, one of the common Nearctic members of the genus. I propose the name Colletes noskiewiczi (new name) for this species. A listing of the species in the index of the Noskiewicz work as albiescens is apparently a typographical error. The holotype and allotype of noskiewiczi (=albescens Nosk.) are in the collection of Dr. Dusmet-Maria in Madrid, Spain.

Wehr (1933a, b), Knipling (1934), Wells and Knipling (1938), and James (1947, pp. 92-98) stated that first-stage larvae of Gasterophilus intestinalis (Deg.) developed in the mucosa of the tongue, cheeks, and lips of the horse. Schroeder (1940) stated that first-stage larvae of G. nasalis (L.) established themselves in the spaces between the molar teeth below the gum line, where their accumulation caused considerable necrosis and resulted in the formation of pus pockets.