Air from a common source was divided and each portion blown through a separate large box containing, except for an empty control, logs from one tree species. Air from each box was conducted away and released between two window flight traps. Four coniferous tree species were represented in the test. Bark and ambrosia beetles from natural populations responded positively to log odors in the released air. There were differences in the response of beetle species to the log odors represented.

Tetralopha vacciniivora, new species, is described from material reared at Cedar Lake, Ontario, by officers of the Department of Forestry of Canada. The new species is compared with the poplar-feeding T. aplastella (Hulst), the maple-feeding species identified as T. asperatella (Clemens), and the oak-feeding T. expandens (Walker). T. nephelotella (Hulst) is sunk as a synonym of T. expandens.

The myzaphidines in Canada consist of three genera and seven species of which two are described as new. Myzaphis v. d. G. is recorded from North America apparently for the first time and one endemic species is described. Keys and brief descriptions of the genera and viviparous forms are offered. Pentatrichopus Borner, which includes the economically important pests of strawberries is considered a synonym of Chaetosiphon Mord. Chaetosiphon is retained as a genus only because of its association with Rosa spp., Potentilla spp., and Fragaria spp. The presence of five setae on the basal tarsal segments, which was the only means by which the myzaphidines could be distinguished from other capitophorine aphids, is no longer valid. C. fragaefolii, which has been considered to be a complex of two species, is treated as a single species. The conspicuous variation in the arrangement of dorsal abdominal setae and in the tarsal setae is readily explained by neotenic development which probably only indirectly affects the development of the setae.

The following pyraustine taxa are described as new: Syllepis religiosa, Bolivia; Herpetogramma obscurior, Peru; Zeuzerobotys, with type-species Z. mirabilis, Mexico; Megastes australis, Argentina and Bolivia; Liopasia anolopha, Ecuador.

Preliminary laboratory investigations of the feeding habits of seven species of ants occurring in southern Ontario showed that Camponotus herculeanus (Li.), Crematogaster lineolata (Say) and Formica exsectoides Forel are very predacious and will also eat dead insects. Myrmica americana Weber, Solenopsis molesta (Say) and Tapinoma sessile (Say) are also predacious, but probably because of the small size of the individuals and the colonies they are unable to capture large living insects. Lasius neoniger Emery, a relatively timid ant, may develop large populations and consume considerable numbers of other insects, but it is not recommended as a control agent because it can become troublesome on lawns.

Hyperparasitism is a mortality factor that generally is beneficial to the continuous reproduction of the species involved.

The parasites of a primary parasite of a phytophagous insect may exhibit two distinctive types of secondary relations to that insect. These types are defined as follows:

Direct secondary parasitism: that type of host-parasite symbiosis where only the primary's parasitized host or the primary itself is attacked.

Indirect secondary parasitism: that type of host-parasite symbiosis where the primary's phytophagous host is attacked whether parasitized or not parasitized.

The host mortality caused by direct secondary parasitism may greatly exceed that caused by indirect secondary parasitism, this being manifested when the percentage of the primary parasitization of the phytophagous host is minimal.

Pineus pineoides was found for the first time in North America in New Brunswick in 1948, on red spruce, Picea rubens Sarg. It is the first known species of Adelgidae in North America to complete its life cycle on spruce without producing galls or winged forms. The life history is compared with that in Europe. The first-instar nymph and the adult of the summer generation are described and compared with those from Europe.

Four females of Phaenopria popei oviposited into a one-day-old puparium of Dictya sp. Adult progeny emerged 18 days later at 19-25 °C. Host flies include Dictya, Elgiva, and Sepedon, and probably Tetanocera (all Sciomyzidae).

A new genus Pulicalvaria is erected for some species of needle miners formerly placed in the genus Recurvaria Haworth. Included are apicitripunctella Clemens, thujaella Kearfott, piceaella Kearfott, coniferella Kearfott, gibsonella Kearfott, and australis, new species. A new species Exoteleia chillcotti is also described.

Twenty-five species of Colpocephalum sen. lat. from hawks are recognized and discussed; 8 of these are newly described: angolensis from Gypohierax angolensis, barbati from Gypaëtus barbatus aureus, californici from Gymnogyps californianus, chelictiniae from Chelictinia riocourii, ecaudati from Terathopius ecaudatus, indi from Haliastur indus, percnopteri from Neophron percnopterus, and trachelioti from Torgos tracheliotus. New synonymies include: ailurum Nitzsch, bicinctum Nitz., caudatum Giebel, costaricense Carriker, latifasciatum Piaget, longipes Piag., 1885 (nec 1880), majus Piag., 1885 (nec 1880), oxyurum Nitz., setosum Piag. (p. 519), tricinctum Nitz., and wetzeli (Eichler) with turbinatum Denny; and notatum Piag. with maculatum Piag. A key is given for the species of Colpocephalum occurring on hawks and owls.

Field cage experiments conducted through the complete life cycle of Camnula pellucida (Scudder) demonstrated that wheat, the major cereal crop grown in Saskatchewan, played the dominant role in the nutritional ecology of this grasshopper. A native sod mixture, comprising Stipa comata, Bouteloua gracilis, Agropyron smithii, and Carex eleocharis, four of the dominant species of the mixed prairie association, was consistently unfavourable during all stages of grasshopper growth and development. Grasshoppers reared on wheat survived better, were considerably larger and laid up to 20 times more eggs than those reared on the native prairie grasses. The presence of the native sod with wheat contributed nothing nutritionally to the food combination. The unfavourable qualities of the native grasses, although resulting in small adults, low fecundity and small pods, did not affect the hatchability of eggs laid or the development and survival of nymphs that hatched from them.

The egg and five nymphal stages of Apateticus cynicus (Say) are described and illustrated. The nymphal stages can be separated on the basis of head-capsule width, no overlap being encountered in the specimens studied. The overall growth rate was uniform. Varying growth rates were recorded for each antennal segment. Segment one remained the shortest throughout, whereas segment four, the longest in the first stage, became shorter than segment three by the fifth stage. The second segment increased in length from 0.25 to 2.78 mm.

Apateticus cynicus has one generation each year and overwinters in the egg stage in Wisconsin. Females deposit 1-3 egg batches with an average of 57.12 eggs per batch. Hatching in the laboratory took 14 days at approximately 22 °C. The average number of days spent in each of the five instars was 5.08, 5.27, 5.33, 5.0, and 9.5 respectively. Adult females lived up to 163 days and males to 180 days in the laboratory. The effectiveness of A. cynicus in the population reduction of Diprion similis (Htg.) larvae is unknown. Though a large insect and a voracious feeder throughout its immature and mature period, it has low egg production, is univoltine, and overwinters in the vulnerable egg stage, usually on the tree.

Crosses were made between adults of Neodiprion pratti (Dyar) derived from populations of spotted and striped larvae. Collections obtained over a period of years had indicated that these populations were homozygous for spotted and for striped larvae respectively; this conclusion was tested by spotted × spotted and by striped × striped crosses and was confirmed. The crosses spotted ♀, × striped ♂, striped ♀, × spotted ♂ and spotted F1 ♀, × striped ♂ were then made. The progeny from these crosses showed that the allele for sported is incompletely dominant over the allele for striped pattern. This incomplete dominance showed up in the occurrence of a few larvae of an intermediate type, and presumably accounts for the occurrence in nature of populations of larvae of intermediate types.