In the description of the Byron Bog (Judd, 1957c) it was pointed out that one method of collecting insects in the bog was to make a circular sweep with an insect net, held at arm's length, through the tops of the bushes in the Chamaedaphnetum calyculatae association. The net used was one with a rim twelve inches in diameter and the radius of the circle over which the sweep was made was six feet. A single sweep was made each day from Itlay 15 to November 15 in 1956 and all the insects collected each day were sorted and counted. The dav of maximum blooming of Chamaedaphne calyculata was May 21 and the day of last blooming was June 1 (Judd, 1958a). Thus there was a period of nineteen days, from May 15 to June 1, when the plants were in bloom while the sweeping was in progress.

In spare moments during and after the Xth International Congress of Entomology I collected many aphids in Canada. The present paper contains descriptions of some of these that appeared to be new, while two of the leading Canadian aphid specialists permitted me to add descriptions of some more new species that were present among the material that they submitted for identification.

Immature and adult black flies are often victims of various predatory or parasitic organisms. Observations on certain of these organisms were made in Utah over a period of several years, and are presented below to stimulate further interest in the natural enemies of the Simuliidae.

Water beetles from the Canadian Arctic available in museums often lack any specific ecological data. In consequence, I was pleased to receive for study the specimens collected by Dr. D. G. Frey and Mr. J. B. Stahl on Southampton Island (Northwest Territories) while they participated in an expedition sponsored by the Indiana Gear Works of Indianapolis, Mr. John Buehler, President. The beetles were collected during the period August 10 to 26, 1957, in connection with limnological studies and are accompanied bv detailed notes on the habitats and associated organisms. I am especially indebted to Dr. Frey for allowing me to use and paraphrase his personal notes on the expedition. Mr. H. B. Leech of the California Academy of Sciences has kindly checked the determinations.

The Diamond-back moth, Plutella maculipennis Curt., is a cosmopolitan pest of cabbage, cauliflower, radish, mustard and other cruciferous plants; according to Fletcher (1920) it is distributed throughout India, Burma and Ceylon. During a recent visit to Kashmir the authors found this pest doing considerable damage to cabbage in vegetable gardens on the outskirts of Srinagar, and this appears to be the first record of this pest from the area. From a small collection of the caterpillars made, the authors have reared out the tachinid fly, Voria ruralis Fall., and the ichneumonid, Horogenes sp. A single specimen of Itoplectis sp. was also reared out, but this is likely to be a secondary parasite. Thompson (1946) has listed only Angitia fenestralis Hlgr. as parasitizing this species in India. Mani (1940) refers to Brachymeria excarinata Gahan and B. plutellophaga Girault as having been reared from pupae of the pest at Coimbatore. A careful search in India may reveal the presence of more parasites of this universal and important pest and their introduction into other countries might be helpful in its control.

Body above pale yellow, abdomen with faint brown mid-dorsal and dorso-lateral spots; a vinous stripe in front of wing-base; body beneath and legs whitish buff. Wings above yellow, paler distally on fore wing and costally on hind wing. Fore wing with faint indications of an arcuate, blackish-fuscous, broken antemedial band; orbicular represented bv a black dot in cell; reniform obsolete; postmedial line strongly zig-zagged, inierrupted at veins, preceded by black dashes in cells M2, to Cu2; a subterminal row of brownish-fuscous spots between veins; fringe yellow; hind wing with interrupted, zig-zagged postmedial line, preceded by black dashes, as on fore wing; subterminal spots stronger than on fore wing; fringe yellow. Wings beneath whitish buff; costa of fore wing weakly infuscated; a fuscous dot-like orbicular and lunate reniform; no other markings. Expanse 67 mm.

Coenosia tigrina (F.), an important anthomyiid predator of the onion maggot, Hylemya antiqua (Meig.), in Quebec, was found in all stages of development in field populations of the latter. The species was named by Fabricius (1775). A description of the adult was given by Perron et al., 1956, but no description of the immature stages is available. This is a report on the external morphology of the immature stages of this species, the determination of the overwintering sites of the larvae, and the effect of predation by adults on adult H. antiqua in field cages.

The term “biological control” is sometimes used very broadly to cover all methods of encouraging the action of biotic factors. For the purposes of this discussion I will use it to refer solely to the introduction of parasites, predators, or microorganisms. I will also confine my remarks to the control of introduced pests. That is the purpose for which it has most promise and has been chiefly used. In my experience the most pressing forest insect problems of the Maritime Provinces–with the notable exception of the spruce budworm–have been with foreign species of European origin. It is logical to assess the value of biological control against exotic species before turning attention to its possibilities against indigenous pests (see Rawlings, 1958).

During life history investigations on Xyela minor Norton (Hymenoptera, Xyelidae), larvae of two species of gelechiid moths were found feeding in the staminate cones of digger pine, Pinus sabiniana, along with the Xyela larvae. These moths are Exoteleia burkei Keifer (1931) and Chionodes sabinianae Powell (1959), the latter having been described from material collected during rhe course of our investigations. Exoteleia and Chionodes are not closely related genera within the family Gelechiidae, and the two species are related in the present study only by larval habitat.