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Immunisation rates and predictors of undervaccination in infants with CHD

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 April 2022

Ann M. Murray ,
Grace M. Lee ,
David W. Brown ,
Theresa A. Saia ,
Russell Gongwer  and
Mari M. Nakamura Open the ORCID record for Mari M. Nakamura [Opens in a new window]
Ann M. Murray
Affiliation:
Harvard Medical School, Fellowship in Patient Safety and Quality, Boston, MA, USA Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA
Grace M. Lee
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
David W. Brown
Affiliation:
Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Theresa A. Saia
Affiliation:
Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Russell Gongwer
Affiliation:
Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA HealthCore, Watertown, MA, USA
Mari M. Nakamura*
Affiliation:
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Antimicrobial Stewardship Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
*
Author for correspondence: M. M. Nakamura, MD, MPH, Antimicrobial Stewardship Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Mailstop BCH 3052, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Tel: 617 355 1561; Fax: 617-730-0254. E-mail: mari.nakamura@childrens.harvard.edu
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Abstract

Vaccination coverage for infants with CHD is unknown, yet these patients are at high risk for morbidity and mortality associated with vaccine-preventable illnesses. We determined vaccination rates for this population and identified predictors of undervaccination. We prospectively enrolled infants with CHD born between 1 January, 2012 and 31 December, 2015, seen in a single-centre cardiology clinic between 15 February, 2016 and 28 February, 2017. We assessed vaccination during the first year of life. Subjects who by age 1 year received all routine immunisations recommended during the first 6 months of life were considered fully vaccinated. We also evaluated influenza vaccination during subjects’ first eligible influenza season. We obtained immunisation histories from primary care providers and collected demographic and clinical data via a parent survey and chart review. We used multivariable logistic regression to identify predictors of undervaccination. Among 260 subjects, only 60% were fully vaccinated. Vaccination rates were lowest for influenza (64.6%), rotavirus (71.1%), and Haemophilus influenzae type b (79.3%). Cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass during the first year of life was associated with undervaccination (51.5% versus 76.4% fully vaccinated, adjusted odds ratio 2.1 [95% confidence interval 1.1–3.9]). Other predictors of undervaccination were out-of-state primary care (adjusted odds ratio 2.7 [1.5–4.9]), multiple comorbidities (≥2 versus 0–1, adjusted odds ratio 2.0 [1.1–3.6]), and hospitalisation for >25% of the first year of life (>25% versus ≤25%, adjusted odds ratio 2.1 [1.1–3.9]). Targeted quality improvement initiatives focused on improving vaccination coverage for these infants, especially surrounding cardiac surgery, are needed.

Keywords

Vaccination coverageheart defectscongenitalinfant
Type
Original Article
Information
Cardiology in the Young , Volume 33 , Issue 2 , February 2023 , pp. 242 - 247
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press

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