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Time domain parameters of heart rate variability in children born as small-for-gestational age

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 July 2016

Agata Zamecznik ,
Jerzy Stańczyk ,
Agnieszka Wosiak  and
Katarzyna Niewiadomska-Jarosik
Agata Zamecznik*
Affiliation:
Department of Children’s Cardiology and Rheumatology of the 2nd Chair of Pediatrics, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
Jerzy Stańczyk
Affiliation:
Department of Children’s Cardiology and Rheumatology of the 2nd Chair of Pediatrics, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
Agnieszka Wosiak
Affiliation:
Institute of Information Technology, Lodz University of Technology, Poland
Katarzyna Niewiadomska-Jarosik
Affiliation:
Department of Children’s Cardiology and Rheumatology of the 2nd Chair of Pediatrics, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
*
Correspondence to: A. Zamecznik, MD, PhD, Department of Children’s Cardiology and Rheumatology of the 2nd Chair of Pediatrics, Medical University of Lodz, 91-738 Lodz, Sporna 36/50, Poland. Tel: +4 842 617 77 00; Fax: +4 842 617 77 00; E-mail: agazamek@gmail.com
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Abstract

According to metabolic programming theory, small-for-gestational age patients are at high risk of cardiovascular diseases also because of the possible malfunction of the autonomic nervous system. Autonomic disorders can be assessed by heart rate variability. The aims of this study were to compare time domain parameters of heart rate variability in children born as small-for-gestational age and appropriate-for-gestational age and to assess the correlation of the postnatal and current somatic parameters with the time domain parameters. The small-for-gestational age group consisted of 68 children aged 5–10 years who were born with birth weight below the 10th percentile. The appropriate-for-gestational age group consisted of 30 healthy peers, matched in terms of gender and age. On the basis of Holter monitoring, slightly higher average heart rate was observed in the small-for-gestational age group than in the appropriate-for-gestational age group. It was found that all the time domain parameters (SDNN, SDNNi, SDANNi, rMSSD, pNN50) were lower in the small-for-gestational age group than in the appropriate-for-gestational age group. In the small-for-gestational age group, girls had lower heart rate and some of the heart rate variability parameters (SDNN, SDNNi, SDANNi) in comparison with boys.

Children born as small-for-gestational age have impaired function of the autonomic nervous system. Moreover, in the small-for-gestational age group, autonomic balance moved towards the sympathetic component, which was evidenced by higher heart rate. Children with faster heart rate and lower heart rate variability parameters may be at risk of cardiovascular disease.

Keywords

Heart rate variabilitysmall-for-gestational ageintrauterine growth retardationchildren
Type
Original Articles
Information
Cardiology in the Young , Volume 27 , Issue 4 , May 2017 , pp. 663 - 670
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Copyright
© Cambridge University Press 2016 

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