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Total isovolumic time relates to exercise capacity in patients with transposition of the great arteries late after atrial switch procedures

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 November 2011

Edgar L. W. Tay ,
Derek Gibson ,
Ryo Inuzuka ,
Manjit Josen ,
Rafael Alonso-Gonzalez ,
Georgios Giannakoulas ,
Wei Li ,
Konstantinos Dimopoulos  and
Michael A. Gatzoulis
Edgar L. W. Tay*
Affiliation:
Adult Congenital Heart Centre and Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom Cardiology Department, National University Heart Centre, Singapore
Derek Gibson
Affiliation:
Adult Congenital Heart Centre and Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
Ryo Inuzuka
Affiliation:
Adult Congenital Heart Centre and Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
Manjit Josen
Affiliation:
Adult Congenital Heart Centre and Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
Rafael Alonso-Gonzalez
Affiliation:
Adult Congenital Heart Centre and Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
Georgios Giannakoulas
Affiliation:
Adult Congenital Heart Centre and Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
Wei Li
Affiliation:
Adult Congenital Heart Centre and Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
Konstantinos Dimopoulos
Affiliation:
Adult Congenital Heart Centre and Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom National Heart Lung Institute, Imperial College of Science and Medicine, London, United Kingdom
Michael A. Gatzoulis
Affiliation:
Adult Congenital Heart Centre and Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom National Heart Lung Institute, Imperial College of Science and Medicine, London, United Kingdom
*
Correspondence to: Dr E. L. W. Tay, MBBS, MRCP, Consultant Cardiologist, Cardiology Department, National University Heart Centre, National University Health System Tower Block Level 9, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore. Tel: +1 65 67725260; Fax: +1 65 68722998; E-mail: Edgar_Tay@nuhs.edu.sg
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Abstract

Background

Systemic right ventricular systolic dysfunction is common late after atrial switch surgery for transposition of the great arteries. Total isovolumic time is the time that the ventricle is neither ejecting nor filling and is calculated without relying on geometric assumptions. We assessed resting total isovolumic time in this population and its relationship to exercise capacity.

Methods

A total of 40 adult patients with transposition of the great arteries after atrial switch – and 10 healthy controls – underwent transthoracic echocardiography and cardiopulmonary exercise testing from January, 2006 to January, 2009. Resting total isovolumic time was measured in seconds per minute: 60 minus total ejection time plus total filling time.

Results

The mean age was 31.6 plus or minus 7.6 years, and 38.0% were men. There were 16 patients (40%) who had more than or equal to moderate systolic dysfunction of the right ventricle. Intra- and inter-observer agreement was good for total isovolumic time, which was significantly prolonged in patients compared with controls (12.0 plus or minus 3.9 seconds per minute versus 6.0 plus or minus 1.8 seconds per minute, p-value less than 0.001) and correlated significantly with peak oxygen consumption (r equals minus 0.63, p-value less than 0.001). The correlation strengthened (r equals minus 0.73, p-value less than 0.001) after excluding seven patients with exercise-induced cyanosis. No relationship was found between exercise capacity and right ventricular ejection fraction or long-axis amplitude.

Conclusion

Resting isovolumic time is prolonged after atrial switch for patients with transposition of the great arteries. It is highly reproducible and relates well to exercise capacity.

Keywords

Adult congenital cardiac diseaseright ventricular functionechocardiographycardiopulmonary exercise testing
Type
Original Article
Information
Cardiology in the Young , Volume 22 , Issue 4 , August 2012 , pp. 381 - 389
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2012

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