1. Fan-hsi, Wang, Chinese Revolutionary, Memoirs, 1919–1949, trans, by Benton, Gregor (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1980), pp. 111–12.Google Scholar

2. Quoted in Zhao, Jin, “Chen Duxiu pingfande qianqianhouhou” (“Before and after the rehabilitation of Chen Duxiu”), Zhongbao yuekan, No. 7 (1983), pp. 34–35.Google Scholar

3. Qing, Xiang, “Guanyu gongchanguoji he Zhongguo wenti” (“On the Comintern and China”), Xinhua yuebao (New China Monthly), No. 4 (1980), pp. 75–79.Google Scholar

4. Fan-hsi, Wang, Chinese Revolutionary, p. 122Google Scholar; and Zhao, Jin, “Before and after.”Google Scholar

5. Sheng, Kang, “Chanchu Rikou zhentan minzu gongdide Tuoluociji feibang” (“Root out the Trotskyists, who are spies for Japan and public enemies of the nation”), Jiefang zhoukan (Liberation Weekly), Nos. 29 and 30 (28 01 and 8 02 1938Google Scholar, respectively); and Qiming, Sun, “Chen Duxiu shifou Hanjian wentide tantao” (“On whether Chen Duxiu was a traitor”), Anhui daxue xuebao (Anhui University Journal), No. 2, 1980.Google Scholar

6. E.g., Qi, Jiang and Shangwen, Shou, “Ruhe quanmian pingjia Tuoluocijide yisheng” (“How to make a rounded assessment of Trotsky's life”), Shijie yanjiu dongtaiGoogle Scholar, and Qi, Jiang and Yueming, Zhang, “Tuoluosiji ‘buduan geming lun’ pingxi”Google Scholar (“Trotsky's ‘theory of permanent revolution’”), ibid. No. 11 (1980); both reprinted in Shiyue pinglun (October Review) (Hong Kong), Nos. 8/9 (1983), pp. 57–59 and 63–65.Google Scholar

7. Fanxi, Wang, Shuang Shan huiyilu (Shang Shan's Memoirs) (Xiandai shiliao biankan she, 1980). Outside China, Wang's memoirs have also appeared in Japanese and German.Google Scholar

8. Lee Feigon, book review, Theory and Society, No. 2 (1983), pp. 259–65.Google Scholar

9. Among them: Mandel, Ernest, From Stalinism to EurocommunismGoogle Scholar; Frank, Pierre, History of the Fourth InternationalGoogle Scholar; Deutscher, Isaac, StalinGoogle Scholar; and Anderson, Perry, Considerations on Western Marxism.Google Scholar

10. Zhao, Jin, “Before and after.”Google Scholar

11. See Shiyue pinglun, Nos. 8/9 (1983), pp. 54–56.Google Scholar

12. Cadart, Claude and Yingxiang, Cheng, Mémoires de Peng Shuzhi. L'Envol du communisme en Chine (Paris: Gallimard, 1983)Google Scholar; and Feigon, Lee, Chen Duxiu. Founder of the Chinese Communist Party (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1983).CrossRefGoogle Scholar See also “Le Trotskysme et la Chine des années trente,” Cahiers Léon Trotsky, No. 15 (09 1983).Google Scholar In 1982 and 1983 Vols. 3 and 1 of Peng Shuzhi, Xuanji (Selected Works), were published in Hong Kong by Shiyue chubanshe.

13. Fan-hsi, Wang, Chinese Revolutionary, p. 208.Google Scholar

14. Mémoires de Peng Shuzhi, pp. 338–39.Google Scholar

15. Peng's wife Chen Bilan even wrote that Peng joined the CCP in the autumn of 1920 (before it was founded). See her introduction to Shu-tse, P'eng, The Chinese Communist Party in Power, ed. by Evans, Leslie (New York: Monad Press, 1980), p. 16.Google Scholar

16. Chaolin, Zheng, “Yiben gei ziji tuzhimofende huiyilu” (“A self-whitewashing memoir”), Pt 1, Zhongbao yuekan, No. 4 (1984), pp. 47–48.Google Scholar A mainland source says that Liu Shaoqi was the first Moscow ganshizhang or “executive chief” – a term that it equates with “secretary” – and that after Liu returned to China in 1922, “responsibility for the Moscow branch was temporarily taken over for a short period by Peng Shuzhi and Luo Yinong” (Yanshi, Qin et al. , “Liu Bojian,” in Hua, Hu (ed.), Zhonggong dangshi renwu zhuan (Chinese Communist Party Biographies) (Xi'an: Shaanxi renmin chubanshe, 1982), Vol. 4, p. 263).Google Scholar

17. Jingguang, Xiao, “FuSu xuexi qianhou” (“Before and after going to the Soviet Union to study”), in Zhongguo renmin zhengzhi xieshangyi quanguo weiyuanhui, wenshi ziliao yanjiu weiyuanhui (eds.), Geming shi ziliao (Materials on the History of the Revolution), No. 3 (Beijing: Wenshi ziliao chubanshe, 1981), p. 14.Google Scholar

18. Liu Shaoqi tongzhi shengping huodong nianbiao, 1898–1969 (A Chronicle of the Activities of Comrade Liu Shaoqi, 1898–1969) (Zhongguo geming bowuguan, 04 1980), p. 1Google Scholar; Jingguang, Xiao, “Yi zaoqi fuSu xuexi shide Shaoqi tongzhi” (“Memories of Comrade Shaoqi's early study in the Soviet Union”), in Huainian Liu Shaoqi tongzhi (In commemoration of Comrade Liu Shaoqi) (Changsha: Hunan renmin chubanshe, 1980), pp. 77–88Google Scholar; Jun, Gao and Yinzheng, Fan, “Ren Bishi,” Chinese Communist Party Biographies, Vol. 8 (1983), p. 7Google Scholar; Yiyu, Liu and Jingchun, Liu, “Luo Yinong,”Google Scholaribid. p. 80; Houheng, Huang, “Zhenjingchuxian baixibunao” (“Keep calm in times of danger, be indomitable”), in Huiyi Ye Ting (In Memory of Ye Ting) (Beijing: Renmin chubanshe, 1981), p. 34Google Scholar and Qinhe, Ye, “Fengyu choumou yu xiongying”Google Scholar (“Amid storms to raise a great falcon”), ibid. p. 140; and daxue, Zhongshan “Ye Ting”Google Scholarzu, bianxie, Ye Ting (Shaoguan: Guangdong renmin chubanshe, 1979), pp. 14–15.Google Scholar

19. Quoted by Wang Fanxi in a letter to me.

20. Peng Shuzhi, letter of 2 February 1925, in Zhongyang dangshi ziliao zhengji weiyuanhui, Zhongyang dangshi yanjiuhui (eds.), Zhonggong dangshi ziliao (Materials on Chinese Communist Party History), Vol. 3 (Zhongyang dangxiao chubanshe)Google Scholar; quoted in Chaolin, Zheng, “Self-whitewashing,” Pt 1, p. 49.Google Scholar

21. Evans, Les and Block, Russell (eds.), Leon Trotsky on China, introduced by P'eng Shu-tse (New York: Monad Press, 1976), pp. 39–40.Google Scholar

22. Zhongguo shehui kexueyuan jindaishi yanjiusuo fanyishi (eds.) Gongchanguoji youguan Zhongguo gemingde wenxian ziliao (Documentary Materials of the Comintern Relating to the Chinese Revolution) (Beijing: Zhongguo shehui kexue chubanshe, 1981), pp. 76–77 and 78–79.Google ScholarQifa, Liu and Feng, Qian, “Diyici guogong hezuode celue wenti” (“On the tactics of the first co-operation between the Guomindang and the Chinese Communist Party”), Jiang Han luntan, No. 4 (1981)Google Scholar, make a similar connection between changes in Comintern and CCP policy in the years 1924–25.

23. See Poeze, Harry Albert, Tan Malaka, Strijder voor Indonesië's Vrijheid. Levensloop van 1897 tot 1945, The Hague: B. V. de Nederlandsche Boek- en Steen-drukkerij v/h H. L. Smits, 1976, pp. 114–117CrossRefGoogle Scholar, for details of Sneevliet's activities in Sarekat Islam.

24. Brandt, Conrad, Schwartz, B. and Fairbank, J. K. (eds.), A Documentary History of Chinese Communism (New York: Atheneum, 1967), pp. 71–72.Google Scholar

25. Chaolin, Zheng, “Guanyu Muluhuosika (Mlokhoska) dimingde shuoming” (“On the place-name Mlokhoska”), Dangshi yanjiu ziliao (Research Materials on Party History), No. 3 (1983).Google Scholar See also Chaolin, Zheng, “Self-whitewashing,” Pt 1, p. 50.Google Scholar

26. Li Weihan interviewed in Beijing ribao (Beijing Daily), 14 07 1980Google Scholar; according to Shangwen, Fu, “Zhonggong ‘Sida’ tichu wuchanjieji lingdaoquan wenti tantao” (“On the raising of the issue of proletarian hegemony at the Fourth Congress of the Chinese Communist Party”), Lishi jiaoxue, No. 12 (1983)Google Scholar, Peng “participated in drafting the Congress resolution” (quoted in Zhen Yan, “Dui ruogan zhengyixing lishi wentide tantao” (“On some historical controversies”), unpublished manuscript).

27. Qifa, Liu and Feng, Qian, “On the tactics.”Google Scholar

28. Shuzhi, Peng, “Dui Zheng Chaolin xugou gushide jielu” (“Exposing Zheng Chaolin's fantastic stories”)Google Scholar and Chaolin, Zheng, “Peng Shuzhi biyanxiashuo” (“Peng Shuzhi's blind ramblings”), Zhongbao yuekan, No. 1 (1984), pp. 62–71.Google Scholar

29. Li Weihan, interview. See also “Weijingsiji fu Shanghai mishi” (“Voitinsky's secret trip to Shanghai”) in Zhongguo geming yu Sulian guwen (The Chinese Revolution and Soviet Advisers) (Beijing: Zhongguo shehui kexue chubanshe, 1981).Google Scholar

30. “La lettre du Shanghai, par trois membres de la mission de 1'I.C. en Chine,” in Broué, P. (ed.), La question chinoise dans l'Internationale Communiste (1926–1927) (Paris: EDI, 1965), p. 79.Google Scholar This letter, which circulated widely among Soviet oppositionists, blamed what it saw as the CCP's wrong tactical line equally on the Party's “right-wing” leaders and the Comintern representatives Borodin and Voitinski.

31. Li Weihan, interview. See also Weihan, Li, “Huainian Qiubai” (“In memory of Qiubai”) in “Yi Qiubai” xiaozu, bianji (eds.), Yi Qiubai (Remembering Qiubai) (Beijing: Renmin wenxue chubanshe, 1981), p. 241Google Scholar; Chaolin, Zheng and Yongxiang, Zhou, “Wo dui Qu Qiubaide yixie huiyi” (“Some recollections of Qu Qiubai”), Shanghai wenshi ziliao xuanji (Selected Shanghai Historical Documents), No. 42 (1983), pp. 42–52Google Scholar; Yongxiang, Zhou (ed.), Qu Qiubai nianpu (Chronology of the Life of Qu Qiubai) (Guangdong renmin chubanshe, 1983), pp. 42–43Google Scholar; Zhonggong zhongyang dangxiao dangshi jiaoyanshi ziliaozu (eds.), Zhongguo gongchandang lid zhongyao huiyiji (Important Meetings of the Chinese Communist Party), 2 Vols. (Shanghai: Renmin chubanshe, 1982), Vol. 1, pp. 41–47Google Scholar; and Chaolin, Zheng, “Self-whitewashing,” Pt 2, Zhongbao yuekan, No. 5 (1984).Google Scholar

32. The text has Dialectics of Nature, but this is by Engels. Strangely, neither Engels (1925) nor Deborin (1929) was published until after Peng left Russia, though he says he used this title in preparing his lectures.

33. Shu-tse, P'eng, “The relationship and differences between Mao Tse-tung and Liu Shao-ch'i” in The Chinese Communist Party in Power, pp. 306–325.Google Scholar

34. Chaolin, Zheng, “Self-whitewashing,” Pt 1, p. 49Google Scholar and Fanxi, Wang, Shuang Shan huiyilu (Shuang Shan's Memoirs) (Hong Kong: Zhouji hang, 1977), p. 266.Google Scholar

35. Chaolin, Zheng, “Self-whitewashing,” Pt 1, p. 50.Google Scholar

36. Chaolin, Zheng, “Peng Shuzhi,” p. 70.Google Scholar See also Chaolin, Zheng, “Self-whitewashing,” Pt 2.Google Scholar The resolution on Trotskyism is also noted in Zhongguo geming bowuguan dangshi chenlie yanjiubu, Zhonggong dangshi zhuyao shijianjianjie (Important Events in the History of the Chinese Communist Party) (Chengdu: Sichuan renmin chubanshe, 1982), p. 62.Google Scholar

37. Zhongguo jiefangjun zhengzhi xueyuan shijiao yanshi (eds.), Zhonggong dangshi cankao ziliao (Reference Materials on the History of the Chinese Communist Party), Vol. 3, p. 180.Google Scholar

38. Zhongyang dangshi ziliao zhengji weiyuanhui, Zhongyang dangshi yanjiuhui (eds.), Zhonggong dangshi ziliao (Materials on Chinese Communist Party History), Vol. 3 (Zhongyang dangxiao chubanshe).Google Scholar

39. Hesen, Cai, “Jihuizhuyi shi” (“A history of opportunism”), reprinted in Gongfei huoguo shiliao huibian (Historical Materials on the Communist Bandits' Ruining of China), 4 Vols. (Taibei, 1961), Vol. 1, pp. 604–605Google Scholar; and Guotao, Zhang, Wode huiyi (My Memoirs), 3 Vols. (Hong Kong: Mingbao yuekan chubanshe, 1973), Vol. 2, pp. 408–410.Google Scholar

40. See Ya, Jie, “‘Gongchanzhuyi zai Zhongguode faren’ – Faguo baokan dui Peng Shuzhi huiyilude pingjia” (“‘Communism takes off in China’ – Reviews in French periodicals of Peng Shuzhi's memoirs”), Shiyue pinglun, No. 1 (1984), pp. 44–45.Google Scholar

41. Fanxi, Wang, “Chen Duxiu, Father of Chinese Communism” in Benton, Gregor (ed.), Wild Lilies: Poisonous Weeds. Dissident Voices from People's China (London: Pluto Press, 1982), p. 167.Google Scholar

42. Ibid. pp. 157–67.

43. On this point, see also Mao Zedong sixiang wansui (Long Live Mao Zedong Thought) (1969), p. 160.Google Scholar