Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-zzh7m Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T07:09:07.903Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A method for determining the CEC and chemical composition of clays via XRF

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2018

S. Battaglia ,
L. Leoni  and
F. Sartori
S. Battaglia*
Affiliation:
Istituto di Geoscienze e Georisorse, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Area S. Cataldo, Via Moruzzil, 56124 Pisa, Italy
L. Leoni
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Universitá di Pisa, Via S. Maria 53, 56126 Pisa, Italy
F. Sartori
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Universitá di Pisa, Via S. Maria 53, 56126 Pisa, Italy
*
*E-mail: battaglia@igg.cnr.it
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

A new method for determining the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of clays is proposed. The method is based on X-ray fluorescence analysis of natural and Ba-exchanged clays following the analytical procedure suggested by Franzini et al. (1975). This procedure, which utilizes powder pellets and is based on a full matrix correction method, is frequently applied in Earth Sciences laboratories for the routine analysis of minerals and rocks. For the analysis of Ba-exchanged clays, Franzini's procedure has been modified slightly to account for the contribution of Ba to matrix effects.

The new method, which furnishes both the CEC and the chemical compositions of the whole natural clay samples, has been tested on the eight ‘Source Clays’ of The Clay Minerals Society. The results compare well with data reported in the literature and confirm the accuracy and precision of the method and make it a valid alternative to techniques based on wet chemistry, execution of which is usually more time-consuming and which often requires greater analytical skill.

Keywords

cation exchange capacitychemical compositionclayBa2+-exchangeX-ray fluorescence analysis
Type
Research papers
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 41 , Issue 3 , September 2006 , pp. 717 - 725
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2006

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Borden, D. & Giese, R.F. (2001) Baseline studies of the Clay Minerals Society source clays: cation exchange capacity measurements by the ammonia-electrode method. Clays and Clay Minerals. 49, 444–445.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Busenberg, E. & Clemency, C.V. (1973) Determination of the cation exchange capacity of clays and soils using an ammonia electrode. Clays and Clay Minerals. 21, 213–217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chipera, S. J. & Bish, D.L. (2001) Baseline studies of the Clay Minerals Society source clays: powder X-ray diffraction analyses. Clays and Clay Minerals. 49, 398–409.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Churchman, G.J., Slade, P.G., Self, P.G. & Janik, L.J. (1994) Nature of interstratified kaolin-smectites in some Australian soils. Australian Journal of Soil Research. 32, 805–822.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Costanzo, P.M. & Guggenheim, S. (2001) Baseline studies of the Clay Minerals Society source clays: preface. Clays and Clay Minerals. 49, 371.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Franzini, M. & Leoni, L. (1972) A full matrix correction in X-ray fluorescence analysis of rock samples. Atti délia Società Toscana di Scienze Naturali, Memorie, Série A. 79, 7–22.Google Scholar
Franzini, M., Leoni, L. & Saitta, M. (1972) A simple method to evaluate the matrix effects in X-ray fluorescence analysis. X-ray Spectrometry. 1, 151–154.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Franzini, M., Leoni, L. & Saitta, M. (1975) Revisione di una metodologia analitica per fluorescenza X, basata sulla correzione compléta degli effetti di matrice. Rendiconti délia Società Italiana di Mineralogia e Petrologia. 31, 365–378.Google Scholar
Govindaraju, K. (1994) 1994 compilation of working values and sample description for 383 geostandards Geostandards Newsletter. 18 (special issue), 158 pp.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leoni, L. & Saitta, M. (1976) X-ray fluorescence analysis of 29 trace elements in rock and mineral standards. Rendiconti délia Società Italiana di Mineralogia e Petrologia. 32, 497–510.Google Scholar
Leoni, L., Menichini, M. & Saitta, M. (2004) Ricalibrazione di una metodologia in fluorescenza- X per l'analisi di minerali e rocce su campioni di polvere. Atti délia Società Toscana di Scienze Naturali, Memorie, Série A. 109, 13–20.Google Scholar
Ma, C. & Eggleton, R.A. (1999) Cation exchange capacity of kaolinite. Clays and Clay Minerals. 47, 174–180.Google Scholar
Meier, L.P. & Kahr, G. (1999) Determination of the Cation Exchange Capacity of clay minerals based on the complexes of the Copper (II) ion with Triethylenetetramine and Tetraethylenepentamine. Clays and Clay Minerals. 47, 386–388.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mermut, A.R. & Cano, A.F. (2001) Baseline studies of the Clay Minerals Society source clays: chemical analyses of major elements. Clays and Clay Minerals. 49, 381–386.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Norrish, K. & Hutton, J.T. (1969) An accurate X-ray spectrographic method for the analysis of a wide range of geological samples. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 33, 431–453.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ross, D.S. (1995) Recommended methods for determining soil cation exchange capacity. Pp. 62–70 in: Recommended Soil Testing Procedures for the Northeastern United State. (2nd edition) (Sims, J.T. & Wolf, A., editors). Northeastern Regional Publication No. 493 (revised), University of Delaware Agricultural Experiment Station, Newark, Delaware, USA.Google Scholar
Sumner, M.E. & Miller, W.P. (1996) Cation exchange capacity and exchange coefficients. Pp. 1201–1229 in: Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3: Chemical Method. (3rd edition) (Sparks, D.L., editor). Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.Google Scholar
Van Olphen, H. & Fripiat, J.J. (1979) Data Handbook for Clay Minerals and other Non-metallic Minerals. Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK.Google Scholar