Hostname: page-component-7bb8b95d7b-w7rtg Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-09-23T15:18:29.779Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Recognition of intermediates in the possible transformation of halloysite to kaolinite in weathering profiles

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2018

G. J. Churchman  and
R. J. Gilkes
G. J. Churchman
Affiliation:
Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, School of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
R. J. Gilkes
Affiliation:
Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, School of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The kaolin minerals in lateritic weathering profiles on dolerite and granite in Western Australia have been characterized by intercalation tests for halloysites, and also by their particle morphologies. Towards the surface of the profiles there is a decrease in both total kaolin mineral content, and in the expandibility of those minerals to intercalation. Tubular kaolinite that is non-expandible by any of the intercalation tests for halloysite was identified in the upper few metres of both profiles. Hydrated halloysite is most common at the base of both profiles. Formamide expands some anhydrous kaolin minerals while the sequence of hydrazine/water/glycerol (HWG) expands more of these minerals. Non-tubular (subhedral to sub-hexagonal platy) kaolinite is also present. Hydrated tubular halloysite apparently alters to tubular kaolinite via dehydrated halloysite that is expandible by formamide and a tubular ‘kaolin’ that is expandible by HWG but not by formamide.

Type
Research Article
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 24 , Issue 4 , December 1989 , pp. 579 - 590
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1989

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anand, R.R. & Gilkes, R.J. (1984) Weathering of hornblende, plagioclase and chlorite in meta-dolerite, Australia. Geoderma, 34, 261–280.Google Scholar
Anand, R.R., Gilkes, R.J. Armitage, T.M. & Hillyer, J.W. (1985) Feldspar weathering in lateritic saprolite. Clays Clay Miner., 33, 31–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brindley, G.W. (1961) Kaolin, serpentine and kindred minerals. Pp. 51-131 in: The X-ray Identification and Crystal Structures of Clay Minerals (Brown, G., editor). Mineralogical Society, London.Google Scholar
Brindley, G.W. & Robinson, K. (1946) Randomness in the structure of kaolinitic clay minerals. Trans. Farad. Soc. 42B, 198–205.Google Scholar
Brindley, G.W. & Souza Santos, P. de (1966) New varieties of kaolin group minerals and the problem of finding a suitable nomenclature. Proc. Int. Clay Conf. Jerusalem, 1, 3–9.Google Scholar
Churchman, G.J. (submitted) The possible transformation of halloysite to kaolinite in soil profiles as indicated by intercalation tests. Clays Clay Miner,(submitted).Google Scholar
Churchman, G.J. & Carr, R.M. (1975) The definition and nomenclature of halloysites. Clays Clay Miner., 23, 382–388.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Churchman, G.J., Whitton, J.S., Claridge, G.G.C. & Theng, B.K.G. (1984) Intercalation method using formamide for differentiating halloysite from kaolinite. Clays Clay Miner., 32, 241–248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gilkes, R.J. & Suddhiprakarn A. (1979) Biotite alteration in deeply weathered granite. I. Morphological, mineralogical, and chemical properties. Clays Clay Miner., 27, 349–360.Google Scholar
McCrea, A.F. (1987) Physical and mineralogical properties of lateritic pallid zone. MSc thesis, Univ. W. Australia.Google Scholar
Mulcahy, M.J. (1960) Laterites and lateritic soils in South-western Australia. J. Soil Sci., 11, 206–225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murray, H.H. & Lyons, S.C. (1956) Degree of crystal perfection of kaolinite. Clays Clay Miner., 4, 31–40.Google Scholar
Range, K.J., Range, A. & Weiss, A. (1969) Fire-clay type kaolinite or fire-clay mineral? Experimental classification of kaolinite-halloysite minerals. Proc. Int. Clay Conf. Tokyo,, 1, 3–13.Google Scholar
Ross, G.J., Kodama, H., Wang, C., Gray, J.T. & Lafreniere, L.B. (1983) Halloysite from strongly weathered soil at Mont Jacques Cartier, Quebec. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 47, 327–332.Google Scholar
Sadleir, S.B. & Gilkes, R.J. (1976) Development of bauxite in relation to parent material near Jarrahdale, Western Australia. J. GeoL Soc. Aust., 23, 333–344.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Souza Santos, P. de, Souza Santos, H. de & Brindley, G.W. (1965) Mineralogical studies of kaolinite- halloysite soils in South-western Brazil. J. Soil. Sci., 11, 206–225.Google Scholar
Sudo, T. & Takahashi, H. (1956) Shapes of halloysite particles in Japanese clays. Clays Clay Miner , 4, 67–79.Google Scholar
Tan, K.H. & Hajek, B.F. (1977) Thermal analysis. Pp. 865–884 in: Minerals in Soil Environments (Dixon, J. B. & Weed, S. B., editors). Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Madison, Wisconsin.Google Scholar
Theng, B.K.G., Churchman, G.J., Whitton, J.S. & Claridge, G.G.C. (1984) Comparison of intercalation methods for differentiating halloysite from kaolinite. Clays Clay Miner, 32, 249–258.Google Scholar
Wada, K. (1961) Lattice expansion of kaolin minerals by treatment with potassium acetate. Am. Miner., 46, 78–91.Google Scholar