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Metastability in Near-Surface Rocks of Minerals in The System Al2O3-SiO2-H2O

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2024

Lawrence M. Anovitz ,
Dexter Perkins  and
Eric J. Essene
Lawrence M. Anovitz
Affiliation:
Department of Geosciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
Dexter Perkins
Affiliation:
Department of Geology and Geological Engineering and the North Dakota Mining and Mineral Resources Research Institute, The University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202
Eric J. Essene
Affiliation:
Department of Geological Sciences, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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Abstract

Gibbs free energies for phases in the system Al2O3-SiO2-H2O have been calculated from reversed experiments in order to correct earlier values and to calculate a phase diagram consistent with more recent experiments. An internally consistent diagram could not be calculated that agreed with all published experiments, and choices of preferred data were made. The following Gibbs free energies, relative to the elements at STP (298.15 K, 1 bar), have been derived

The above values were calculated assuming literature values for corundum, quartz, and H2O (v).

Examination of available thermodynamic, experimental, and observational data on the aluminum hydroxides gibbsite, boehmite, bayerite, and nordstrandite suggests that these minerals are metastable with respect to diaspore + water at STP and at higher temperatures. Similarly, halloysite and dickite are metastable with respect to kaolinite at these conditions. The occurrence of these minerals in soils must therefore be ascribed to nonequilibrium processes, and the use of equilibrium phase diagrams to explain their occurrence is inappropriate.

Keywords

Aluminum hydroxideDickiteGibbs free energyHalloysiteKaoliniteMetastabilityPhase equilibriaPyrophyllite

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 39 , Issue 3 , June 1991 , pp. 225 - 233
Copyright
Copyright © 1991, The Clay Minerals Society

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Footnotes

1

Contribution No. 477 from the Mineralogical Laboratory, Department of Geological Sciences, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

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