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Aflatoxin B1 Sorption and Safety of Dietary Sodium Bentonite in Sprague-Dawley Rats

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Alicia G. Marroquín-Cardona Open the ORCID record for Alicia G. Marroquín-Cardona [Opens in a new window] ,
Youjun Deng ,
Jose F. Garcia-Mazcorro ,
Natalie M. Johnson ,
Nicolle J. Mitchell ,
Lili Tang ,
Jia-Sheng Wang ,
Roger B. Harvey  and
Timothy D. Phillips
Alicia G. Marroquín-Cardona*
Affiliation:
Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-4458, USA Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, 66050, General Escobedo, NL, Mexico
Youjun Deng
Affiliation:
Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-2474, USA
Jose F. Garcia-Mazcorro
Affiliation:
Research and Development, MNA de Mexico, 66477, San Nicolas de los Garza, NL, Mexico
Natalie M. Johnson
Affiliation:
Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-4458, USA
Nicolle J. Mitchell
Affiliation:
Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-4458, USA
Lili Tang
Affiliation:
Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
Jia-Sheng Wang
Affiliation:
Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
Roger B. Harvey
Affiliation:
USDA Southern Plaines Agricultural Research Center, College Station, TX 77845, USA
Timothy D. Phillips
Affiliation:
Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-4458, USA
*
e-mail: alicia.marroquincr@uanl.edu.mx
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Abstract

Bentonites are readily available clays used in the livestock industry as feed additives to reduce aflatoxin (AF) exposure; their potential interaction with nutrients is the main concern limiting their use, however. The objective of the present study was to determine the safety of a dietary sodium-bentonite (Na-bentonite) supplement as a potential AF adsorbent, using juvenile Sprague Dawley (SD) rats as a research model. Animals were fed either a control diet or a diet containing Na-bentonite at 0.25% and 2% (w/w) inclusion rate. Growth, serum, and blood biochemical parameters, including selected serum vitamins (A and E) and elements such as calcium (Ca), potassium (K), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) were measured. The mineral characteristics and the aflatoxin B1 sorption capacity of Na-bentonite were also determined. By the end of the study, males gained more weight than females in control and Na-bentonite groups (p ≤ 0.0001); the interaction between treatment and sex was not significant (p = 0.6780), however. Some significant differences between the control group and bentonite treatments were observed in serum biochemistry and vitamin and minerals measurements; however, parameters fell within reference clinical values reported for SD rats and no evidence of dose-dependency was found. Serum Na and Na/K ratios were increased, while K levels were decreased in males and females from Na-bentonite groups. Serum Zn levels were decreased only in males from Na-bentonite treatments. Overall, results showed that inclusion of Na-bentonite at 0.25% and 2% did not cause any observable toxicity in a 3-month rodent study.

Keywords

Aflatoxin sorptionDietary bentoniteIn vivoRatsSafety
Type
Original Paper
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 70 , Issue 2: Special Issue: Biological toxins-clay interactions , April 2022 , pp. 165 - 181
Copyright
Copyright © Clay Minerals Society 2022

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