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Laterite as a Potential Seepage Barrier From a Karst-Depression Tailings Impoundment

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Hai-Yan Gao ,
Ze-Min Xu ,
Zhe Ren ,
Kun Wang ,
Kui Yang ,
Yong-Jun Tang  and
Jun-Yao Luo
Hai-Yan Gao
Affiliation:
Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
Ze-Min Xu*
Affiliation:
Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China Room 528 of Civil Engineering Building in Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
Zhe Ren
Affiliation:
Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
Kun Wang
Affiliation:
Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
Kui Yang
Affiliation:
Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
Yong-Jun Tang
Affiliation:
Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
Jun-Yao Luo
Affiliation:
Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
*
*E-mail address of corresponding author: xzm768@kust.edu.cn
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Abstract

In the absence of the necessary valley topography, karst depressions are sometimes used to construct conventional impoundments in order to contain tailings. Leakage is a primary concern for such impoundments. The purpose of the current study was to determine the characteristics and barrier performance of laterite mantling karst depressions, using, as an example, the Wujiwatang (WJWT) tailings impoundment, located in the Gejiu mining area, southwestern China. The geotechnical-hydrogeological properties, geochemistry, mineral compositions, and particle shapes of the laterite were investigated by geotechnical techniques, chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the laterite contained poorly sorted particles that covered a wide spectrum of grain sizes (<5 mm to <50 nm), and was unexpectedly categorized as silty clay or silt with a high liquid limit. The continuous gradation and small D90 value helped the laterite achieve saturated hydraulic conductivities in the range of <10–6 cm/s required for impoundment liners. The laterite beneath the tailings impoundment was finer-grained and had a lower permeability than that of the laterite on the depression walls within the same depression. Geochemically and mineralogically, the laterite was classified as true laterite and its major mineralogical constituents were gibbsite and goethite with chlorite occurring in trace amounts. The laterite was dominated by subspherolitic–spherolitic cohesionless grains (concretions) made up of Al, Fe, Ti, and Mn oxides and hydroxides. The laterite did not have plasticity indices in the clay range. Fortunately, slopewash prior to tailings containment selectively transported the finer oxide concretions to the depression floor, creating a natural low-permeability barrier for the WJWT tailings impoundment. This is undoubtedly important for the planning and design of future karst depression-type tailings impoundments around the world.

Keywords

Karst depressionLateriteLinerTailings impoundmentWeathering
Type
Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 69 , Issue 1 , February 2021 , pp. 1 - 22
Copyright
Copyright © The Clay Minerals Society 2020

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