Hostname: page-component-68c7f8b79f-r8tb2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2026-01-01T05:15:05.954Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

War without Citizens

Memorialization, War, and Democracy in the United States

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2026

Stephen J. Rosow*
Affiliation:
State University of New York at Oswego
Get access

Abstract

Contestation over war memorialization can help democratic theory respond to the current attenuation of citizenship in war in liberal democratic states, especially the United States. As war involves more advanced technologies and fewer soldiers, the relation of citizenship to war changes. In this context war memorialization plays a particular role in refiguring the relation. Current practices of remembering and memorializing war in contemporary neoliberal states respond to a dilemma: the state needs to justify and garner support for continual wars while distancing citizenship from participation. The result is a consumer culture of memorialization that seeks to effect a unity of the political community while it fights wars with few citizens and devalues the public. Neoliberal wars fought with few soldiers and an economic logic reveals the vulnerability to otherness that leads to more active and critical democratic citizenship.

Information

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Berghahn Books 2018

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Amoore, Louise. 2009. “Algorithmic War: Everyday Geographies of the War on Terror.” Antipode 41 (1): 4969.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barber, Benjamin. 2004. Fear's Empire: War, Terrorism, Democracy. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.Google Scholar
Barber, Benjamin. 2009. Frames of War: When Life Is Grievable? New York and London: Verso.Google Scholar
Brown, Wendy. 2010. Walled States; Waning Sovereignty. New York: Zone Books.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Butler, Judith. 2004. Precarious Life: The Powers of Mourning and Violence. New York and London: Verso.Google Scholar
Chamayou, Grégoire. 2015. A Theory of the Drone. New York: New Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corn, David. 2003. The Lies of George W. Bush: Mastering the Politics of Deception. New York: Crown Publishers.Google Scholar
Damasio, Antonio. 1999. The Feeling of What Happens: Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness. New York: Harcourt.Google Scholar
Dauphinee, Elizabeth, and Christina, Masters. 2007. The Logics of Biopower and the War on Terror: Living, Dying, Surviving. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave MacMillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dillon, Michael, and Julian, Reid. 2009. The Liberal Way of War: Killing to Make Life Live. Abingdon: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Edkin, Jenny. 2003. Trauma and the Memory of Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elshtain, Jean Bethke. 1995. Women and War. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Galli, Carlo. 2010. Political Spaces and Global War. Edited by Adam Sitze. Translated by Elisabeth Fay. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Gutmann, Amy. 1999. Democratic Education, rev. ed. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Hirschman, Albert O. 1977. The Passions and the Interests: Arguments for Capitalism Before Its Triumph. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Honig, Bonnie. 2009. Emergency Politics: Paradox, Law, Democracy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Kellner, Douglas. 2005. Media Spectacle and the Crisis of Democracy: Terrorism, War and Election Battles. Boulder and London: Paradigm.Google Scholar
Locke, John. 1960. Two Treatises of Government. Edited by Peter Laslett. New York, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Loraux, Nicole. 2006 (1981). The Invention of Athens: The Funeral Oration in the Classical City. Translated by Alan Sheridan. New York: Zone Books.Google Scholar
Manicas, Peter T. 1989. War and Democracy. Cambridge, MA and Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Mansfield, Nick. 2008. Theorizing War: From Hobbes to Badiou. Houndmills: Palgrave McMillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Massing, Michael. 2004. Now They Tell Us: The American Press and Iraq. New York: New York Review of Books.Google Scholar
Montesquieu. 1989. The Spirit of the Laws. Edited by Anne M. Cohler, Gasia C. Miller and Harold S. Stone. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
New York State, Official Description of Highway Touring Routes, Bicycling Touring Routes, Scenic Byways, & Commemorative/Memorial Designations in New York State. 2012, January. https://www.dot.ny.gov/divisions/operating/oom/transportation-systems/repository/2012%20tour-bk.pdfGoogle Scholar
Niven, Bill. 2008. “War Memorials at the Intersection of Politics, Culture and Memory.” Journal of War and Cultural Studies 1 (1): 3945.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nussbaum, Martha C. and Joshua Cohen, eds. 1996. For Love of Country: Debating the Limits of Patriotism. Boston: Beacon Press.Google Scholar
Ober, Josiah. 1996. The Athenian Revolution: Essays on Ancient Greek Democracy and Political Theory. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Opello, Walter Jr. 2016. War, Armed Force, and the People: State Formation and Transformation in Historical Perspective. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.Google Scholar
Parr, Adrian. 2008. Deleuze and Memorial Culture: Desire, Singular Memory and the Politics of Trauma. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pritchard, David M. 2010. War, Democracy and Culture in Classical Athens. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Rampton, Sheldon, and John, Stauber. 2004. Weapons of Mass Deception: The Uses of Propaganda in Bush's War on Iraq. New York: Penguin.Google Scholar
Ricoeur, Paul. 2006. Memory, History, Forgetting. Translated by Kathleen, Blarney and David, Pellauer. Chicago: Chicago University Press.Google Scholar
Schechter, Danny. 2004. “Selling the Iraq War: The Media Management Strategies We Never Saw.” In War Media, and Propaganda: A Global Perspective, ed. Yahya R., Kamalipour and Nancy, Snow, 2532. Lanham, MD, and Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield.Google Scholar
Schulte-Sasse, Jochen, and Linda, Schulte-Sasse. 1991. “War, Otherness, and Illusionary Identifications with the State.” Cultural Critique 19 (Fall): 6795.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwalbe, Carol B. 2006. “Remembering our Shared Past: Visually Framing the Iraq War on U.S. News Websites.” Journal of Computer-Mediated Communications 12 (1): 264289.Google Scholar
Shane, Leo, and Patricia, Kane. 2016. “New Study Finds 20 Veterans Commit Suicide Each Day.” Military Times, July 7. https://www.militarytimes.com/veterans/2016/07/07/new-va-study-finds-20-veterans-commit-suicide-each-day/.Google Scholar
Shapiro, Michael J. 1997. Violent Cartographies: Mapping Cultures of War. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
US Immigration and Naturalization Service. n.d. “Naturalization Through Military Service: Fact Sheet. https://www.uscis.gov/news/fact-sheets/naturalization-through-military-service-fact-sheet.Google Scholar
Viroli, Maurizio. 1997. For Love of Country: An Essay on Patriotism and Nationalism. Oxford: Clarendon Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Western, Jon. 2006. “The War Over Iraq: Selling War to the American Public.” Security Studies 14 (1): 106139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolin, Sheldon. 2008. Democracy Inc. Managed Democracy and the Specter of Inverted Totalitarianism. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Woodward, Bob. 2004. Plan of Attack: The Definitive Account of the Decision to Invade Iraq. New York: Simon & Schuster.Google Scholar