¹ A. Einstein, Out of My Later Years (1950, The Philosophical Library, N. Y.), p. 133.

² "Daini-geizyutu" (second-rate art), published in Sekai, Nov. 1946.

³ Professor of Japanese literature of the Tokugawa period, former president of Nihon Bungaku Kyokai.

⁴ Poet and critic (1885-1912); revolutionary romantic; he renovated Tanka.

⁵ The review Bungakukai (Literary World) organized a symposium of writers and philosophers concerning the problem of "the conquest of modernity" and published the discussion in 1942. Most of the participants violently attacked science and modernity and demanded a return to national tradition.

⁶ Forerunner of contemporary popular literature; Daibosatsu-toge (1913-1944) is Japan's longest novel and probably the world's.

⁷ Leading author of popular literature; Miyamoto Musasi became the most popular during this war.

⁸ Historian, specializing in Japanese history.

⁹ Romantic writer (1868-1927); author of Hototogisu, the most popular novel in the Meiji era.

¹⁰ Greatest representative of modern Japanese literature (1867-1916); novels: I am a cat, After that, Mind, etc.

¹¹ Novelist and founder of the review Bungei Syunzyu (1888-1948).

¹² Statesman and encyclopedic scholar (1657-1725); first scientific historian of Japan; he wrote an excellent autobiography half a century before J.-J. Rousseau.

¹³ Philologue who studied Japanese classics with positivistic method (1730-1801).