Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-nr4z6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-05T16:04:43.491Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Co-operative Wineries in Italy and Spain in the Second Half of the Twentieth Century: Success or Failure of the Co-operative Business Model?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 May 2016

FRANCISCO J. MEDINA-ALBALADEJO  and
TITO MENZANI
FRANCISCO J. MEDINA-ALBALADEJO
Affiliation:
Francisco J. Medina-Albaladejo is Assistant Lecturer of Economic History at University of Valencia. Contact information: Department of Economic Analysis, Faculty of Economics, Avinguda dels Tarongers s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain. E-mail: francisco.medina@uv.es
TITO MENZANI
Affiliation:
Tito Menzani is Adjunct Lecturer of Economic and Business History at University of Bologna. Contact information: School of Economics, Management, and Statistics, Piazza Scaravilli 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy. E-mail: tito.menzani2@unibo.it
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The evolution of the co-operative wine sector in traditional wine-producing countries in southern Europe, such as France, Italy, Spain, and Portugal, presents similar historical features in the first half of the twentieth century. However, the analysis of their current state shows that Spanish co-operatives are smaller in size than their French and Italian counterparts. Additionally, the analysis shows that Italian (and French) co-operatives have adopted a more modern business model. The main target of this work is to establish the reasons behind the differences between the Spanish and the more successful Italian co-operative wine sectors. This is carried out through comparative analysis and the examination of the development of both sectors. For this, the framework of the co-operative business life cycle is used.

Type
Articles
Information
Enterprise & Society , Volume 18 , Issue 1 , March 2017 , pp. 32 - 71
Copyright
Copyright © The Author 2016. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Business History Conference. All rights reserved. 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bibliography of Works Cited

Books

Alimarket, . Informe anual de bebidas. Madrid: Alimarket, 1975, 2012.Google Scholar
Anderson, Kym. The World’s Wine Markets: Globalization at Work. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Battaglia, Filippo. Teoria dell’organizzazione e impresa cooperativa. Esperienze a confronto tra Europa e America Latina. Milan: Guerini, 2005.Google Scholar
Battilani, Patrizia. La creazione di un moderno sisteme di imprese: Il ruolo dei consorzi della cooperazione di consumo dell’Emilia Romagna. Bologna: Il Mulino, 1999.Google Scholar
Carbognin, Maurizio, and Masieroio, Attilio. Organizzare l’autogestione. Rome: Edizioni Lavoro, 1985.Google Scholar
Confederación de Cooperativas Agrarias de España (CCAE). Estudio sobre la comercialización agroalimentaria en el sector cooperativo español. Madrid: CCAE–MAPA (Ministerio de agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación de España [Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, Fishing and Food]), 2004.Google Scholar
Downs, Anthony. The Life Cycle of Bureaus. San Francisco: Little Brown and Company, 1967.Google Scholar
Evers, Adalbert, and Louis, Jean, Laville, , eds. The Third Sector in Europe. Cheltenham, UK: Elgar, 2004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Earle, John. Italian Cooperative Movement. London: HarperCollins Publishers, 1986.Google Scholar
Federazione Nazionale delle Cantine Sociali. La Federazione Nazionale delle Cantine Sociali, dal 1922 al 1928. Modena: Federazione Nazionale delle Cantine Sociali, 1931.Google Scholar
Federazione Nazionale delle Cantine Sociali. Statuto tipo e schema di Atto Costitutivo per Cantine Sociali Cooperative. Modena: Federazione Nazionale delle Cantine Sociali, 1931.Google Scholar
Fiorentini, Gianluca, and Scarpa, Carlo. Cooperative e mercato. Rome: Carocci, 1998.Google Scholar
Fornasari, Massimo, and Zamagni, Vera. Il movimento cooperativo in Italia: Un profilo storico-economico (1854–1992). Florence: Vallecchi, 1997.Google Scholar
General Committee for Agricultural Cooperation in the European Union. Agricultural Cooperatives in Europe: Main Issues and Trends, Brussels: General Committee for Agricultural Cooperation in the European Union, 2010.Google Scholar
General Committee for Agricultural Cooperation in the European Union. Development of Agricultural Cooperatives in the EU 2014. Brussels: General Committee for Agricultural Cooperation in the European Union, 2015.Google Scholar
Hansmann, Henry. The Ownership of Enterprise. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 1996.Google Scholar
Instituto Nacional de Denominaciones de Origen. Catastro Vitícola y Vinícola. Madrid: INDO, several years.Google Scholar
Istituto Nazionale di Statistica. Annuario dell’agricoltura italiana. Rome: ISTAT.Google Scholar
Kimberly, John R., and Miles, R. H.. The Organizational Life Cycle: Issues in the Creation, Transformation and Decline of Organizations, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers, 1980.Google Scholar
Lachivier, Marcel. Vins, vignes et vignerons: Histoire du vignoble français. Paris: Fayard, 1988.Google Scholar
Leonardi, Andrea. Collaborare per competere: Il percorso imprenditoriale delle Cantine Mezzacorona. Bologna: Il Mulino, 2005.Google Scholar
Loubère, Leo A. The Wine Revolution in France: The Twentieth Century. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1990.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Menzani, Tito. La cooperazione in Emilia-Romagna: Dalla resistenza alla svolta degli anni settanta. Bologna: Il Mulino, 2007.Google Scholar
Ministerio de Agricultura. Anuario estadístico de producciones agrícolas. Madrid, 1954.Google Scholar
Mintzberg, Henry. The Structuring of Organizations. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1979.Google Scholar
Mitchell, Brian R. International Historical Statistics: Europe, 1750–2000. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003.Google Scholar
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Food Consumption Statistics. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1955–1984.Google Scholar
Panati, Giovanni, and Roncaccioli, Angela. Economia aziendale, organizzazione e impresa cooperativa. Rome: INECOOP, 1984.Google Scholar
Planas, Jordi. Viticultura i cooperativisme: La comarca d’Igualada, 1890–1939. Barcelona: Publicacions de l’Abadia de Montserrat, 2013.Google Scholar
Powell, Walter W. Expanding the Scope of Institutional Analysis. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991.Google Scholar
Powell, Walter W., and di Maggio, Paul. The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saumell, Antoni. Viticultura i associacionisme a Catalunya: Els cellers cooperatius del Penedès (1900–1936). Tarragona: Diputació de Tarragona, 2002.Google Scholar
Scott, B. R. Stages of Corporate Development , Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business School, Case Clearing House, 1971.Google Scholar
Ufficio Studi Mediobanca. Indagine sul settore vinicolo. Milan: Ufficio Studi Mediobanca, 2007, 2013.Google Scholar
Vanek, Jaroslav. The General Theory of Labour-Managed Market Economies. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1970.Google Scholar
Warner, Charles K. The Winegrowers of France and the Government Since 1875. New York: Columbia, 1960.Google Scholar
Zamagni, Vera, Battilani, Patrizia, and Casali, Antonio. La cooperazione di consumo in Italia. Bologna: Il Mulino, 2004.Google Scholar
Zamagni, Vera, and Felice, Emanuele. Oltre il secolo: Le trasformazioni del sistema cooperativo Legacoop alla fine del secondo millennio. Bologna: Il Mulino, 2006.Google Scholar
Zan, Stefano. La cooperazione in Italia. Bari: De Donato, 1982.Google Scholar

Articles and Essays

Battilani, Patrizia. “I mille volti della cooperazione italiana: Obiettivi e risultati di una nuova forma di impresa dalle origini alla seconda guerra mondiale.” In Verso una nuova teoría economica della cooperazione, edited by Mazzoli, Enea and Zamagni, Stefano, 97–139. Bologna: Il Mulino, 2005.Google Scholar
Battilani, Patrizia, and Schröter, Harm. G.. “Demutualization and Its Problems.” In The Cooperative Business Movement, 1950 to the Present, edited by Battilani, Patrizia and Schröter, Harm G., 150–171. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Battilani, Patrizia, and Schröter, Harm. G., and Zamagni, Vera. “The Managerial Transformation of Italian Co-Operative Enterprises 1946–2010.” Business History 56, no. 6 (2012): 964–985.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ben-Ner, Avner. “Birth, Change and Bureaucratization in Nonprofits Organizations: An Economic Analysis.” In Politics, Public Policy and the Voluntary Sector, edited by Herman, Robert, 119–137. Kansas City: University of Missouri, 1987.Google Scholar
Ben-Ner, Avner. “Comparative Empirical Observations on Worked-Owned and Capitalist Firms,” International Journal of Industrial Organization 6 (1988): 7–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ben-Ner, Avner. “The Life Cycle of Worker-Owned Firms in Market Economics.” Journal of Economic Behaviour and Organization 10 (1988): 287–313.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ben-Ner, Avner. “On the Stability of the Cooperative Type of Organization.” Journal of Comparative Economics 8 (1984): 247–260.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ben-Ner, Avner. “The Shifting Boundaries of the Mixed Economy and the Future of the Nonprofit Sector.” Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics 73, no. 1 (2002): 5–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ben-Ner, Avner, and Gui, Benedetto. “The Theory of Nonprofit Organizations Revisited.” In The Study of the Nonprofit Enterprise, edited by Anheier, Helmut and Ben-Ner, Avner, 3–26. New York: Kluwer/Plenum, 2003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bonin, John P. “Innovation in a Labor-Managed Firm: A Membership Perspective.” Journal of Industrial Economics 31, no. 3 (1983): 313–329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borgaza, Carlo, and Depredi, Sara. “Interpersonal Relations and Job Satisfaction: Some Empirical Results in Social and Community Care Services.” In Economics and Social Interaction Accounting for Interpersonal Relations, edited by Gui, Benedetto and Sugden, Robert, 125–150. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.Google Scholar
Cabana, Ana, and Díaz-Geada, Alba. “Exploring Modernization: An Agrarian Fascism in Rural Spain, 1936–1951.” In Agriculture in the Age of Fascism: Authoritarian Technocracy and Rural Modernization, 1922–1945, edited by Fernández-Prieto, Lourenzo, Pan-Montojo, Juan, and Cabo, Miguel, 189–217. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Casson, Mark, and Giusta, Marina Della. “Co-Operatives as Entrepreneurial Institutions.” In Entrepreneurship, Theory, Networks, History, edited by Casson, Mark, 173–199. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2010.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chevet, Jean Michel. “Cooperative Cellars and the Regrouping of the Supply in France in the Twentieth Century.” In Exploring the Food Chain: Food Production and Food Processing in Western Europe, 1850–1990, edited by Segers, Yves, Bieleman, Jan, and Byust, Erik, 253–279. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers, 2009.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chiffoleau, Yuna, Dreyfus, Fabrice, Ewert, Joachim, and Touzard, Jean-Marc. “The Wine Cooperatives Face the Demand for Quality: Call for a Renewed Solidarity in Languedoc (France) and in the Western Cape (South Africa).” In Local Society & Global Economy: The Role of Co-Operatives, edited by Karafolas, Simeon, Spear, Roger, and Stryjan, Yohanan, 381–394. Naoussa, Greece: Editions Hellin, 2002.Google Scholar
Cook, Michael L. “The Future of U.S. Agricultural Cooperatives: A Neo-Institutional Approach.” American Journal of Agricultural Economics 77 (1995): 1153–1159.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Di Maggio, Paul J. “State Expansion and Organizational Fields.” Organizational Theory and Public Policy, edited by Hall, Richard. H. and Quinn, Robert E., 147–161. Beverly Hills: Sage, 1983.Google Scholar
Di Maggio, Paul J., and Powell, Walter W.. “The Iron Case Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields.” American Sociological Review 48 (1983): 147–160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fernández, Eva. “El fracaso del lobby viticultor en España frente al objetivo industrializador del Estado, 1920–1936.” Historia Agraria 45 (2008): 113–141.Google Scholar
Fernández, Eva. “Especialización en baja calidad: España y el mercado internacional del vino, 1950-1990.” Historia Agraria 56 (2012): 41–76.Google Scholar
Ferrucci, Luca. “La cooperazione di consume: dilemmi di governance e di crescita nella moderna distribuzione commercial.” In Lezioni cooperative: Contributi ad una teoría dell’impresa cooperative, edited by Salani, Mario P., 175–203. Bologna: Il Mulino, 2006.Google Scholar
Furubotn, Eirik Grundtvig, and Pejovich, Svetozar. “Property Rights and the Behavior of the Firm in a Socialist State: The Example of Yugoslavia.” Zeitschrift für Nationalökonomie 30 (1970): 431–454.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gavignaud-Fontaine, Geneviève. “Les caves cooperatives, bastion de la viticulture populaire en Roussillon au XXe siècle.” La revue de l’Economie Sociales 7 (1986): 11–22.Google Scholar
Gray, Thomas W., Heffernan, William, and Hendrickson, Mary. “Agricultural Cooperatives and Dilemmas of Survival.” Journal or Rural Cooperation 29, no. 2 (2001): 167–192.Google Scholar
Guinnane, Timothy W. “Cooperatives as Information Machines: German Rural Credit Cooperatives, 1883–1914.” Journal of Economic History 61, no. 2 (2001): 366–389.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greiner, Larry E. “Evolution and Revolution as Organizations Grow.” Harvard Business Review 50 (1972): 37–46.Google Scholar
Helmberger, Peter G. “Co-Operative Enterprise and a Structural Dimension of Farm Markets.” Journal of Farm Economics 48, no. 5 (1966): 1427–1435.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Henriksen, Ingrid. “Avoiding Lock-In: Cooperative Creameries in Denmark, 1882–1903.” European Review of Economic History 3 (1999): 57–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Henriksen, Ingrid, Lampe, Markus, and Sharp, Paul. “The Role of Technology and Institutions for Growth: Danish Creameries in the Late Nineteenth Century.” European Review of Economic History 15 (2011): 475–493.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Henriksen, Ingrid, Hviid, Morten, and Sharp, Paul. “Law and Peace: Contracts and the Success of the Danish Dairy Cooperatives.” Journal of Economic History 72, no. 1 (2012): 197–224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hind, Abigail M. “Co-Operative Life Cycles and Goals.” Journal of Agricultural Economics 50, no. 3 (1999): 536–548.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kremer, Michael. “Why Are Worker Cooperatives So Rare?” National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) Working Paper no. 6118 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Le Vay, C. “Agricultural Co-Operatives Theory: A Review.” Journal of Political Economy 34, no. 1 (1983): 1–44.Google Scholar
Menzani, Tito, and Zamagni, Vera. “Cooperative Networks in the Italian Economy.” Enterprise & Society 11 (2009): 98–127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martínez-Carrión, José Miguel, and Medina-Albaladejo, Francisco José. “Change and Development in the Spanish Wine Sector: 1950–2009.” Journal of Wine Research 21, no. 1 (2010): 77–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martínez-Carrión, José Miguel, and Medina-Albaladejo, Francisco José. “La competitividad internacional de la industria vinícola española durante la globalización del vino.” Revista de Historia Industrial 52 (2013): 139–174.Google Scholar
Medina-Albaladejo, Francisco José. “Co-Operative Wineries: Temporal Solution or Efficient Firms? The Spanish Case During the Late Francoism, 1970–1981.” Business History 57, no. 4 (2015): 589–613.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meister, Albert. “Democrazia e partecipazione nelle associazioni.” Comunità 25, no. 163 (1971).Google Scholar
Milgrom, Paul, and Roberts, John. “An Economic Approach to Influence Activities in Organizations.” American Journal of Sociology 94 (1988): s154–s179.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miyazaki, Hajime. “On Success and Dissolution of the Labor-Managed Firm in the Capitalist Economy.” Journal of Political Economy 92, no. 5 (1984): 909–931.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murray, Gordon C. “Towards an Agricultural Co-Operative Classification.” Journal of Agricultural Economics 34, no. 2 (1983): 151–161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O’Rourke, Kevin. “Property Rights, Politics and Innovation: Creamery Diffusion in Pre-1914 Ireland.” European Review of Economic History 3 (2007): 395–417.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O’Rourke, Kevin. “Culture, Conflict and Cooperation: Irish Dairying Before the Great War.” Economic Journal 117 (2007): 1357–1379.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ortmann, Gerald F., and King, Robert P.. “Agricultural Cooperatives I: History, Theory and Problems.” Agekon 46, no. 1 (2007): 40–68.Google Scholar
Pan-Montojo, Juan. “Las industrias vinícolas españolas: Desarrollo y diversificación productiva entre el siglo XVIII y 1960.” In Viñas, bodegas y mercados: El cambio técnico en la vitivinicultura española, 1850–1936, edited by Carmona, Juan, Colomé, Josep, Pan-Montojo, Juan, and Simpson, James, 313–334. Zaragoza: Prensas Universitarias de Zaragoza, 2001.Google Scholar
Panjek, Giovanni. “L’industria vitivinicola in Fruili–Venecia Giulia.” In Las industrias agroalimentarias en Italia y España durante los siglos XIX y XX, edited by Barciela, Carlos and Di Vittorio, Antonio, 427–441. Alicante: Universidad de Alicante, 2003.Google Scholar
Piqueras, Juan. “El viñedo español entre 1940 y 1990: Medio siglo de cambios hacia la modernización, la calidad y la eliminación de los excedentes.” In Medio siglo de agricultura en España, edited by Gil Olcina, Antonio, 85–114. Alicante: Instituto de Geografía de la Universidad de Alicante, 1992.Google Scholar
Planas, Jordi. “El cooperativismo vitivinícola en tiempos de crisis: el Sindicato de Viticultores de Igualada (1921–1936).” Investigaciones de Historia Económica 9, no. 3 (2013): 155–164.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Planas, Jordi, and Valls-Junyent, Françesc. “¿Por qué fracasaban las cooperativas agrícolas? Una respuesta a partir del análisis de un núcleo de la Cataluña rabasaire.” Investigaciones de Historia Económica 7, no. 2 (2011): 310–321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Powell, Walter. “Institutional Effects on Organizational Structure and Performance.” In Institutional Patterns and Organizations: Culture and Environment, edited by Zucker, Lynne G., 115–136. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger, 1988.Google Scholar
Quinn, Robert, and Cameron, Kim. “Organizational Life Cycles and Shifting Criteria of Effectiveness.” Management Science 29, no. 1 (1983): 33–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rinaudo, Yves. “La naissance de la cooperative viticole: Les caves du Midi au début du XXème siècle.” La revue de l’Economie Sociales 3 (1985): 17–30.Google Scholar
Segré, Andrea. “Marketing Italian Wine in the U.S. Market: A Case Study of Cantine Riunite.” In Vine and Wine Economy: Proceedings of the International Symposium, Kecskemét, Hungary, June 25–29, 1990, 245–259. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1990.Google Scholar
Simpson, James. “Cooperation and Cooperatives in Southern European Wine Production: The Nature of Successful Institutional Innovation, 1880–1950.” Advances in Agricultural Economic History 1 (2000): 5–126.Google Scholar
Tuason, Ramon V. “Corporate Life Cycle and the Evaluation of Corporate Strategy.” Boston: Academy of Management National Meetings, Division of Business Policy and Planning, 1973.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ward, Benjamin. “The Firm in Illyria: Market Syndicalism.” American Economic Review 48, 4 (1958): 566–589.Google Scholar
Whettem, David A. “Organizational Decline: A Neglected Topic in Organizational Science.” Academy of Management Review 5, no. 4 (1980): 353–362.Google Scholar

Newspapers

Fomento de la Producción. Revista quincenal de la industria, el comercio y las finanzas : 1976, 1986.Google Scholar
La Cooperazione Italiana : December 31, 1951; January 21, 1953; May 13, 1965; December 31, 1970; January 13, 1972; April 13, 1972.Google Scholar
La Semana Vitivinícola : 1954.Google Scholar

Unpublished Sources

Bollettino Ufficiale delle Societá per Azioni (Soc. Cooperative) .Google Scholar
Circular informativa no. 7/80 de la Junta Nacional de Cooperativas Vitivinícolas (Unión Nacional de Cooperativas del Campo) .Google Scholar
Estadística sobre cosechas de la Junta Nacional de Cooperativas Vitivinícolas (Unión Nacional de Cooperativas del Campo) .Google Scholar
Fernández, Eva. Productores, comerciantes y el estado: Regulación y redistribución de rentas en el mercado de vino en España, 1890–1990. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 2008.Google Scholar
Medina-Albaladejo, Francisco José. Cooperativismo y sector vitivinícola en España durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2011.Google Scholar

Online Sources

Cooperativas Agroalimentarias, http://www.agro-alimentarias.coop/inicio.Google Scholar
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAOSTAT) database, http://faostat3.fao.org/browse/T/TP/E.Google Scholar
International Organisation of Vine and Wine OIV Statistics, http://www.oiv.int/oiv/info/esstatoivextracts2.Google Scholar