Skip to main content

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
Cancel
×
×
Home
  • Home
Article
  • Cited by 10
  • Cited by
    Crossref Citations
    Crossref logo
    This article has been cited by the following publications. This list is generated based on data provided by CrossRef.
    Glass, G.E. 2018. Comprehensive Remote Sensing. p. 268.
    Cherif, M. S. Koonrungsesomboon, N. Diallo, M. P. Le Gall, E. Kassé, D. Cherif, F. Koné, A. Diakité, M. Camara, F. and Magassouba, N. 2017. The predictor of mortality outcome in adult patients with Ebola virus disease during the 2014–2015 outbreak in Guinea. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Vol. 36, Issue. 4, p. 689.
    Garske, Tini Cori, Anne Ariyarajah, Archchun Blake, Isobel M. Dorigatti, Ilaria Eckmanns, Tim Fraser, Christophe Hinsley, Wes Jombart, Thibaut Mills, Harriet L. Nedjati-Gilani, Gemma Newton, Emily Nouvellet, Pierre Perkins, Devin Riley, Steven Schumacher, Dirk Shah, Anita Van Kerkhove, Maria D. Dye, Christopher Ferguson, Neil M. and Donnelly, Christl A. 2017. Heterogeneities in the case fatality ratio in the West African Ebola outbreak 2013–2016. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Vol. 372, Issue. 1721, p. 20160308.
    Horne, Simon Forbes, K Burns, D and Tuck, JJH 2017. An outbreak inside an epidemic: managing an infectious disease outbreak while treating Ebola. Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps, Vol. 163, Issue. 1, p. 7.
    Reisler, Ronald B. Yu, Chenggang Donofrio, Michael J. Warren, Travis K. Wells, Jay B. Stuthman, Kelly S. Garza, Nicole L. Vantongeren, Sean A. Donnelly, Ginger C. Kane, Christopher D. Kortepeter, Mark G. Bavari, Sina and Cardile, Anthony P. 2017. Clinical Laboratory Values as Early Indicators of Ebola Virus Infection in Nonhuman Primates. Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol. 23, Issue. 8, p. 1316.
    Cori, Anne Donnelly, Christl A. Dorigatti, Ilaria Ferguson, Neil M. Fraser, Christophe Garske, Tini Jombart, Thibaut Nedjati-Gilani, Gemma Nouvellet, Pierre Riley, Steven Van Kerkhove, Maria D. Mills, Harriet L. and Blake, Isobel M. 2017. Key data for outbreak evaluation: building on the Ebola experience. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Vol. 372, Issue. 1721, p. 20160371.
    Jiang, Hui Wu, Peng Uyeki, Timothy M. He, Jianfeng Deng, Zhihong Xu, Wen Lv, Qiang Zhang, Jin Wu, Yang Tsang, Tim K. Kang, Min Zheng, Jiandong Wang, Lili Yang, Bingyi Qin, Ying Feng, Luzhao Fang, Vicky J. Gao, George F. Leung, Gabriel M. Yu, Hongjie and Cowling, Benjamin J. 2017. Preliminary Epidemiologic Assessment of Human Infections With Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N6) Virus, China. Clinical Infectious Diseases, Vol. 65, Issue. 3, p. 383.
    Henwood, Patricia C. Bebell, Lisa M. Roshania, Reshma Wolfman, Vanessa Mallow, Michaela Kalyanpur, Anushka and Levine, Adam C. 2017. Ebola Virus Disease and Pregnancy: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Patients Managed at 5 Ebola Treatment Units in West Africa. Clinical Infectious Diseases, Vol. 65, Issue. 2, p. 292.
    Chérif, Mahamoud Sama Koonrungsesomboon, Nut Kassé, Diénaba Cissé, Sékou Ditinn Diallo, Saliou Bella Chérif, Fatoumata Camara, Facély Koné, Alpha Avenido, Eleonor Fundan Diakité, Mandiou Diallo, Mamadou Pathé Le Gall, Edouard Cissé, Mohamed Karbwang, Juntra and Hirayama, Kenji 2017. Ebola virus disease in children during the 2014–2015 epidemic in Guinea: a nationwide cohort study. European Journal of Pediatrics, Vol. 176, Issue. 6, p. 791.
    Valeri, Linda Patterson-Lomba, Oscar Gurmu, Yared Ablorh, Akweley Bobb, Jennifer Townes, F. William Harling, Guy and Selvey, Linda A 2016. Predicting Subnational Ebola Virus Disease Epidemic Dynamics from Sociodemographic Indicators. PLOS ONE, Vol. 11, Issue. 10, p. e0163544.
    ×
  • Get access
    Add to cart USD35.00
    Check if you have access via personal or institutional login
    Log in Register Recommend to librarian

Assessment of the severity of Ebola virus disease in Sierra Leone in 2014–2015

  • J. Y. WONG (a1), W. ZHANG (a2) (a3), D. KARGBO (a4), U. HAQUE (a5) (a6), W. HU (a7), P. WU (a1), A. KAMARA (a4), Y. CHEN (a2) (a3), B. KARGBO (a4), G. E. GLASS (a5) (a6), R. YANG (a3) (a8), B. J. COWLING (a1) and C. LIU (a2) (a3)...
Summary

The current Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic in West Africa is unprecedented in scale, and Sierra Leone is the most severely affected country. The case fatality risk (CFR) and hospitalization fatality risk (HFR) were used to characterize the severity of infections in confirmed and probable EVD cases in Sierra Leone. Proportional hazards regression models were used to investigate factors associated with the risk of death in EVD cases. In total, there were 17 318 EVD cases reported in Sierra Leone from 23 May 2014 to 31 January 2015. Of the probable and confirmed EVD cases with a reported final outcome, a total of 2536 deaths and 886 recoveries were reported. CFR and HFR estimates were 74·2% [95% credibility interval (CrI) 72·6–75·5] and 68·9% (95% CrI 66·2–71·6), respectively. Risks of death were higher in the youngest (0–4 years) and oldest (⩾60 years) age groups, and in the calendar month of October 2014. Sex and occupational status did not significantly affect the mortality of EVD. The CFR and HFR estimates of EVD were very high in Sierra Leone.

Copyright
COPYRIGHT: © Cambridge University Press 2015 
Corresponding author
* Author for correspondence: Professor B. J. Cowling, WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China. (Email: bcowling@hku.hk)
References
Hide All
1. World Health Organization. Ebola response roadmap. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2014 (http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/ebola/response-roadmap/en/). Accessed 12 March 2015.
2. World Health Organization. WHO statement on the 1st meeting of the IHR Emergency Committee on the 2014 Ebola outbreak in West Africa. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014 (http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/2014/ebola-20140808/en/). Accessed 12 March 2015.
3. Baize, S, et al. Emergence of Zaire Ebola virus disease in Guinea – preliminary Report. New England Journal of Medicine 2014; 371: 1418–1425.
4. Nishiura, H, Chowell, G. Early transmission dynamics of Ebola virus disease (EVD), West Africa, March to August 2014. Eurosurveillance 2014; 19(36).
5. World Health Organization Ebola Response Team. Ebola virus disease in West Africa – the first 9 months of the epidemic and forward projections. New England Journal of Medicine 2014; 371: 1481–1495.
6. Dixon, MG, et al. Ebola viral disease outbreak--West Africa, 2014. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 2014; 63: 548–551.
7. Feldmann, H, Geisbert, TW. Ebola haemorrhagic fever. Lancet 2011; 377: 849–62.
8. Gire, SK, et al. Genomic surveillance elucidates Ebola virus origin and transmission during the 2014 outbreak. Science 2014; 345: 1369–1372.
9. World Health Organization. Ebola response roadmap – citation report – 8 April 2015. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015 (http://apps.who.int/ebola/current-situation/ebola-situation-report-8-april-2015). Accessed 9 April 2015.
10. Cowling, BJ, Yu, H. Ebola: worldwide dissemination risk and response priorities. Lancet 2015; 385: 7–9.
11. Althaus, CL. Estimating the Reproduction Number of Ebola Virus (EBOV) During the 2014 Outbreak in West Africa. PLoS Currents 2014; 6.
12. Parkes-Ratanshi, R, et al. Ebola outbreak response; experience and development of screening tools for viral haemorrhagic fever (VHF) in a HIV center of excellence near to VHF epicentres. PLoS ONE 2014; 9: e100333.
13. Rivers, CM, et al. Modeling the impact of interventions on an epidemic of ebola in Sierra Leone and Liberia. PLoS Currents 2014; 6.
14. United Nations. UN Mission for Ebola Emergency Response (UNMEER). United Nations; 2014 (https://ebolaresponse.un.org/un-mission-ebola-emergency-response-unmeer). Accessed 12 March 2015.
15. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC Disease Detectives Using New Software Tool in Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever Outbreak. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014 (http://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2014/p0429-new-software.html). Accessed 27 October 2015.
16. Garske, T, et al. Assessing the severity of the novel influenza A/H1N1 pandemic. British Medical Association 2009; 339: b2840.
17. Yu, H, et al. Human infection with avian influenza A H7N9 virus: an assessment of clinical severity. Lancet 2013; 382: 138–145.
18. Greenland, S. Bayesian perspectives for epidemiological research: I. Foundations and basic methods. International Journal of Epidemiology 2006; 35: 765–775.
19. Brooks, S, et al. Handbook of Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC, 2011.
20. Schieffelin, JS, et al. Clinical illness and outcomes in patients with Ebola in Sierra Leone. New England Journal of Medicine 2014; 371: 2092–2100.
21. World Health Organization. Outbreak of Ebola haemorrhagic fever, Uganda, August 2000-January 2001. Weekly Epidemiological Record 2001; 76: 41–46.
22. World Health Organization Ebola Response Team. West African Ebola epidemic after one year – slowing but not yet under control. New England Journal of Medicine 2015; 372: 584–587.
23. World Health Organization Ebola Response Team. Ebola virus disease among children in West Africa. New England Journal of Medicine 2015; 372: 1274–1277.
24. Mupere, E, Kaducu, OF, Yoti, Z. Ebola haemorrhagic fever among hospitalised children and adolescents in northern Uganda: epidemiologic and clinical observations. African Health Sciences 2001; 1: 60–65.
25. Sadek, RF, et al. Ebola hemorrhagic fever, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995: determinants of survival. Journal of Infectious Diseases 1999; 179 (Suppl. 1): S24–27.
26. World Health Organization. Ebola response roadmap – citation report – 24 September 2014. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2014 (http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/134771/1/roadmapsitrep_24Sept2014_eng.pdf?ua=1). Accessed 12 March 2015.
27. Zhang, WY, et al. Field labs in actiona for Ebola control in Sierra Leone. Infectious Diseases and Translational Medicine 2015; 1: 2–5.
28. Briand, S, et al. The international Ebola emergency. New England Journal of Medicine 2014; 371: 1180–1183.
29. Bah, EI, et al. Clinical presentation of patients with Ebola virus disease in Conakry, Guinea. New England Journal of Medicine 2015; 372: 40–47.
30. Fisman, D, Khoo, E, Tuite, A. Early epidemic dynamics of the West African 2014 ebola outbreak: estimates derived with a simple two-parameter model. PLoS Currents 2014; 6.
31. Gomes, MF, et al. Assessing the international spreading risk associated with the 2014 west african ebola outbreak. PLoS Currents 2014; 6.
32. Meltzer, MI, et al. Estimating the future number of cases in the Ebola epidemic – Liberia and Sierra Leone, 2014–2015. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Surveillance Summaries 2014; 63 (Suppl. 3): 1–14.
Recommend this journal

Email your librarian or administrator to recommend adding this journal to your organisation's collection.

Epidemiology & Infection
  • ISSN: 0950-2688
  • EISSN: 1469-4409
  • URL: /core/journals/epidemiology-and-infection
Please enter your name
Please enter a valid email address
Who would you like to send this to? *

CAPTCHA *

Skip to the audio challenge
×

Keywords

Type Description Title
WORD
Supplementary materials

Wong supplementary material
Tables S1-S3 and Figure S1

 Word (43 KB)
43 KB

Metrics

Altmetric attention score

Full text views

Total number of HTML views: 0
Total number of PDF views: 0 *
Loading metrics...

Abstract views

Total abstract views: 0 *
Loading metrics...

* Views captured on Cambridge Core between <date>. This data will be updated every 24 hours.

Usage data cannot currently be displayed

Cancel
Confirm
×