Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-xtgtn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T06:38:26.211Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the detection of antibody to Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in the sera of livestock and wild vertebrates

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 May 2009

F. J. Burt ,
R. Swanepoel  and
L. E. O. Braack
F. J. Burt
Affiliation:
National Institute for Virology and Department of Virology, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X4, Sandringham 2131, South Africa
R. Swanepoel
Affiliation:
National Institute for Virology and Department of Virology, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X4, Sandringham 2131, South Africa
L. E. O. Braack
Affiliation:
National Parks Board, Private Bag X402, Skukuza 1350, South Africa
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

IgM antibody response to Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus was monitored in experimentally infected sheep and cattle by an IgM capture enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). Specific binding of antigen was detected by a rabbit anti-CCHF horseradish peroxidase conjugate or a sandwich technique with hyperimmune mouse anti-CCHF ascitic fluid and commercially available anti-mouse immunoglobulin peroxidase conjugate. The persistence of IgM antibody activity was found to be of shorter duration than in humans, and this may be a function of the relative lack of susceptibility of these animals to infection with CCHF virus. IgG antibody responses in the sheep could be monitoried by sandwich ELISA using commercially available anti-sheep immunoglobulin peroxidase conjugates. Total antibody activity in the sera of experimentally infected sheep, cattle and small mammals could be monitored in a competitive ELISA (CELISA) using rabbit anti-CCHF peroxidase conjugate. The CELISA was applied to the sera of 960 wild vertebrates from a nature reserve in South Africa, and the prevalence of antibody was found to be greatest in large mammals such as rhinoceros, giraffe and buffalo, which are known to be the preferred hosts of the adult tick (Hyalomma) vectors of the virus.

Type
Research Article
Information
Epidemiology & Infection , Volume 111 , Issue 3 , December 1993 , pp. 547 - 558
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1993

References

1.Swanepoel, R, Struthers, JK, Shepherd, AJ, McGillivray, GM, Nel, MJ, Jupp, PG. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in South Africa. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1983; 32: 1407–15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2.Swanepoel, R, Shepherd, AJ, Leman, PA, Shepherd, SP. Investigations following initial recognition of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in South Africa and the diagnosis of 2 further cases. S Afr Med J 1985; 68: 638–41.Google ScholarPubMed
3.Swanepoel, R, Shepherd, AJ, Leman, PA, Shepherd, SP, Miller, GB. A common-source outbreak of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever on a dairy farm. S Afr Med J 1985; 68: 635–7.Google ScholarPubMed
4.Swanepoel, R, Shepherd, AJ, Leman, PA, et al. Epidemiological and clinical features of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Southern Africa. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1987; 36: 120–32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
5.Swanepoel, R, Gill, DE, Shepherd, AJ, Leman, PA, Mynhardt, JH, Harvey, S. The clinical pathology of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. Rev Infect Dis 1989; 11: S794–800.Google Scholar
6.Shepherd, AJ, Swanepoel, R, Shepherd, SP, Leman, PA, Blackburn, NK, Hallet, AF. A nosocomial outbreak of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever at Tygerburg Hospital. Part V. Virological and serological observations. S Afr Med J 1985; 68: 733–6.Google Scholar
7.Saluzzo, JF, Digoutte, JP, Cornet, M, Baudon, D, Roux, J, Robert, V. Isolation of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever and Rift Valley fever viruses in the Upper Volta. Lancet 1984; i: 1179.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8.Saluzzo, JF, Digoutte, JP, Camicas, JL, Chauvancy, G. Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever and Rift Valley fever in south-eastern Mauritania. Lancet 1985; i: 116.Google Scholar
9.Woodall, JP, Williams, MC, Simpson, DIH. Congo virus: A hitherto undescribed virus occuring in Africa. Part 2- identification studies. E Afr Med J 1967; 44: 93–8.Google Scholar
10.Casals, J. Antigenic similarity between the virus causing Crimean hemorrhagic fever and Congo virus. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1969; 131: 233–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
11.Casals, J. Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever. In: Pattyn, SR, ed. Ebola virus haemorrhagic fever. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1978: 301–17.Google Scholar
12.Zavodova, TI, Butenko, AM, Tkachenko, EA, Chuakov, MP. Properties of the neutralization test in Crimean haemorrhagic fever. Tr Inst Polio Virusn Entsefalitov Akad Med Nauk SSR 1971; 19: 61–5. (In Russian. English translation XAMRU 3-T926.)Google Scholar
13.Casals, J, Tignor, GH. Neutralisation and hemagglutination-inhibition tests with Crimean hemorrhagic fever-Congo virus. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1974; 145: 960–6.Google Scholar
14.Buckley, SM. Cross plaque neutralisation tests with cloned Crimean hemorrhagic fever-Congo (CHF-C) and Hazara viruses. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1974; 146: 594–600.Google Scholar
15.Gaidamovich, S, Klisenko, G, Shanoyan, N, Obakhova, V, Melnikova, E. Indirect hemagglutination for diagnosis of Crimean hemorrhagic fever. Intervirology 1974: 2: 181–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16.Saidi, S, Casals, J, Faghih, MA. Crimean hemorrhagic fever-Congo virus antibodies in man and in domestic and small mammals in Iran. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1975; 24: 353–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
17.Tignor, GH, Smith, AL, Casals, J, Ezeokoli, CD, Okoli, J. Close relationship of Crimeans hemorrhagic fever-Congo (CHF-C) virus strains by neutralizing antibody assays. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1980; 29: 676–85.Google Scholar
18.Swanepoel, R, Struthers, JK, McGillivray, GM. Reversed passive hemagglutination and inhibition with Rift Valley fever and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever viruses. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1983; 32: 610–17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
19.Shepherd, AJ, Swanepoel, R, Shepherd, SP, McGillivray, GM, Searle, LA. Antibody to Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in wild mammals from Southern Africa. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1987; 36: 133–42.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
20.Donets, MA, Rezapkin, GV, Ivanov, AP, Tkackenko, EA. Immunosorbent assays for diagnosis of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF). Am J Trop Med Hyg 1982: 31: 156–62.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
21.Shepherd, AJ, Swanepoel, R, Leman, PA. Antibody response in Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. Rev Infect Dis 1989; 11: 801–6.Google Scholar
22.Shope, RE, Sather, GE. Arboviruses. In: Lenette, EH, Schmidt, XJ, eds. Diagnostic procedures for viral, rickettsial and chlamydial infections, 5th ed. Washington DC: American Public Health Association, 1979: 767–814.Google Scholar
23.Blackburn, XK, Besselaar, TG, Shepherd, AJ, Swanepoel, R. Preparation of monoclonal antibodies for identifying Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus. Am J Trop Med Hvg 1987; 37: 392–7.Google Scholar
24.Sartorelli, AC, Fischer, DS, Downs, WE. Use of sarcoma 180/TC to prepare hyperimmune ascitic fluid in the mouse. J. Immunol 1966; 96: 676–82.Google Scholar
25.Smith, AM, Tedder, RS. Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for Hepatitis Be antigen and antibody. J Virol Methods 1981; 3: 1–11.Google Scholar
26.Wilson, MB, Nakane, PK. Recent developments in the periodate method of conjugating horseradish peroxidase (HRPO) to antibodies. In: Knapp, W, Holubat, K, Wick, G, eds. Immunofluorescence and related staining techniques. Amsterdam: Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press, 1978; 215–24.Google Scholar
27.Shepherd, AJ, Swanepoel, R, Shepherd, SP, Leman, PA, Mathee, O. Viraemic transmission of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus to ticks. Epidemiol Infect 1991; 106: 373–82.Google Scholar
28.Shepherd, AJ, Leman, PA, Swamepoel, R. Viremia and antibody response of small African and laboratory mammals to Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1989; 40: 541–7.Google Scholar
29.Ksiazek, TG, Jouan, A, Meegan, JM, et al. Rift Valley fever among animals in the recent West African outbreak. Res Virol 1989; 140: 67–77.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
30.van der Groen, J, Groen, G, Hoofd, G, Osterhaus, A. Comparison of immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the serology of Hantaan virus infections. J Virol Methods 1989; 23: 195–203.Google Scholar
31.Shepherd, AJ. The epidemiology of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Southern Africa [dissertation]. Johannesburg, South Africa: University of the Witwatersrand. 1987; 188 pp.Google Scholar
32.Shepherd, AJ, Swanepoel, R, Leman, PA, Shepherd, SP. Field and laboratory investigation of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (Nairovirus, family Bunyaviridae) infection in birds. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1987; 81: 1004–7.Google Scholar
33.Howell, CJ, Walker, JB, Nevill, EM. Ticks, mites and insects infesting domestic animals in South Africa. Science Bulletin No. 393. Pretoria: Department of Agricultural Technical Services, 1978.Google Scholar
34.Horak, IG, Potgieter, FT, Walker, JB, de Vos, V, Boomker, J. The ixodid tick burdens of various large ruminant species in South African nature reserves. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 1983; 50: 221–8.Google Scholar
35.Horak, LG, De Vos, V, Brown, MR. Parasites of domestic and wild animals in South Africa. XVI. Helminth and arthropod parasites of blue and black wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus and Connochaetes gnou). Onderstepoort J Vet Res 1983; 50: 243–55.Google Scholar
36.Horak, IG, de Vos, V, de Klerk, BD. Parasites of domestic and wild animals in South Africa. XVII. Arthropod parasites of Burchell's zebra, Equus burchelli, in the eastern Transvaal low veld. Onderstepoort J Vet Res; 51: 145–54.Google Scholar
37.Spickett, AM, Horak, IG, Braack, LEO, van Ark, H. Drag-sampling of free-living ixodid ticks in the Kruger National Park. Onderstepoort J Vet Res; 58: 27–32.Google Scholar