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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 25 March 2011
1 “Missile Defense Agency Accomplishments Throughout 2007,” MDA Press Release 08-NEWS-0002, January 14, 2008; available at http:\\www.mda.mil/mdaLink/pdf/08news0002.pdf.
2 Steven Hildreth and Carl Ek, “Long-Range Ballistic Missile Defense in Eastern Europe,” Congressional Research Service, updated February 1, 2008, order code RL34051; accessed at http:\\www.fas.org/sgp/crs/weapons/RL34051.pdf.
3 Ibid.
4 “Department of Defense Fiscal Year (FY) 2009 Budget Estimates, Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation, Defense Wide,” Vol. 2, Missile Defense Agency (MDA), February 2008.
5 “Fact Sheet: Defending America and Its Allies Against Ballistic Missile Attack. President Bush Explains Need for Missile Defense System in Europe, Discusses Progress Defending America From Attack,” Office of the Press Secretary, White House, October 23, 2007; available at http:\\www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2007/10/20071023-5.html.
6 Anecdotally observed by the authors.
7 “Putin Compares U.S. Missile Defense Plans with 1962 Cuban Crisis,” RIA Novosti, October 26, 2007.
8 “Joint Declaration,” May 24, 2002; available at http:\\www.dod.mil/acq/acic/treaties/sort/sort_jd.htm.
9 Robert Wall, “Pentagon Sees Iranian ‘Ashura’ Missile As Worrying Development,” Aerospace Daily & Defense Report, November 30, 2007.
10 “Iran: Nuclear Intentions and Capabilities,” National Intelligence Estimate, November 2007; available at http:\\www.dni.gov/press_releases/20071203_release.pdf.
11 Ibid.
12 Richard Dean Burns and Lester H. Brune, The Quest for Missile Defenses, 1944–2003 (Claremont, Calif.: Regina Books, 2003), pp. 97, 178.
13 At that time there had been only a very few tests, and the failures of those tests had shown the missile defense system to be ineffective. As a result, Clinton did not have to spend much time considering the cost or the international relations aspects of his decision not to deploy the system.
14 “Poland to Delay Decision on Deployment of U.S. Missile Shield, Consult Neighbor Countries,” Poland Business Newswire, taken from Rzeczpospolita, December 3, 2007.
15 Nicholas Kulish, “Many Czechs Love U.S., but Say ‘Hold the Radar’,” New York Times, October 1, 2007.
16 Ibid.
17 Hildreth and Ek, “Long-Range Ballistic Missile Defense in Eastern Europe.”
18 Matthew Lee, “Rice: Russia's Softening on Missile Defense Won't Alter US Plans,” Associated Press, June 8, 2007.
19 Jim Rutenberg, “Putin Expands on His Missile Defense Plan,” New York Times, July 3, 2007; Peter Baker, “Putin Proposes Broader Cooperation on Missile Defense,” Washington Post, July 3, 2007; and “Russian Experts to Visit Missile Defense Base in Alaska,” RIA Novosti, August 1, 2007.
20 “Missile Defense Agency Fiscal Year 2008 (FY 08) Budget Estimates: Overview,” Approved for Public Release 07-MDA-2175 (31 JAN 07), RDT&E, Vol. 2 MDA; available at http:\\www.defenselink.mil/comptroller/defbudget/fy2008/budget_justification/index.html.
21 “Missile Defense Agency (MDA) Exhibit R-2 RDT&E Budget Item Justification, BMD System Space Program,” February 2008.
22 “Joint Statement Concerning the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty,” March 21, 1997; available at http:\\www.clintonpresidentialcenter.org/legacy/032197-joint-statement-on-anti-ballistic-missile-treaty.htm.
23 “Iran: Nuclear Intentions and Capabilities,” National Intelligence Estimate.
24 Mikhail Zygar, “Partners in Persuasion: Russia Will Try to Defend Iran from the UN Security Council,” Kommersant, December 4, 2007, translated by A. Ignatkin.
25 Richard L. Garwin and Frank N. Von Hippel, “A Technical Analysis of North Korea's Oct. 9 Nuclear Test,” Arms Control Today, November 2006.
26 “Joint Statement of the Fourth Round of the Six-Party Talks Beijing, September 19, 2005,” as released in Beijing on September 19, 2005, by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China; available at http:\\www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2005/53490.htm.
27 Paul Kerr, “North Korea Nuclear Talks Stall,” Arms Control Today, December 2005; available at http:\\www.armscontrol.org/act/2005_12/Dec-NKtalks.asp.
28 “Memorandum of Agreement Between the United States of America and the Russian Federation on the Establishment of a Joint Center for the Exchange of Data from Early Warning Systems and Notifications of Missile Launches (JDEC MOA),” State Department, Bureau of Verification, Compliance, and Implementation, June 4, 2000; available at http:\\www.state.gov/t/ac/trt/4799.htm.
29 Michael Krepon with Christopher Clary, Space Assurance or Space Dominance? The Case Against Weaponizing Space (Washington, D.C.: The Henry L. Stimson Center, 2003), p. 37.
30 Theresa Hitchens, “The Bush National Space Policy: Contrasts and Contradictions,” Center for Defense Information, October 13, 2006; available at http:\\www.cdi.org/program/issue/document.cfm?DocumentID=3692&IssueID=80&StartRow=21&ListRows=10&appendURL=&Orderby=DateLast-Updated&ProgramID=68&issueID=80.
31 Martin Sieff, “South Korea Takes Different Path to Japan for Missile Defense,” United Press International, December 28, 2006; and Jung Sung-ki, “S. Korea Opposes Joining US Missile Defense System,” Korea Times, January 3, 2008.
32 Sam Black and Timothy Barnes, “Fiscal Year 2008 Defense Budget: Programs of Interest,” Center for Defense Information, December 19, 2007; available at http:\\www.cdi.org/program/document.cfm?DocumentID=4130&from_page=../index.cfm.
33 “Department of Defense Fiscal Year (FY) 2009 Budget Estimates, Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation, Defense Wide,” Vol. 2, Missile Defense Agency (MDA), February 2008; “Missile Defense Agency Military Construction, Defense-Wide FY 2009 Budget Estimates,” February 2008.
34 Michael Bruno, “Congress Will Push to ‘NATO-ize’ European BMD Side, Tauscher says,” Aerospace Daily & Defense Report, November 7, 2007.
