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A review of computational fluid dynamics analysis of blood pumps

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 August 2009

M. BEHBAHANI ,
M. BEHR ,
M. HORMES ,
U. STEINSEIFER ,
D. ARORA ,
O. CORONADO  and
M. PASQUALI
M. BEHBAHANI
Affiliation:
Center for Computational Engineering Science, RWTH Aachen, 52056 Aachen, Germany (email: mb@cats.rwth-aachen.de; behr@cats.rwth-aachen.de)
M. BEHR
Affiliation:
Center for Computational Engineering Science, RWTH Aachen, 52056 Aachen, Germany (email: mb@cats.rwth-aachen.de; behr@cats.rwth-aachen.de)
M. HORMES
Affiliation:
Department of Cardiovascular Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, 52056 Aachen, Germany (email: Hormes@hia.rwth-aachen.de; steinseifer@hia.rwth-aachen.de)
U. STEINSEIFER
Affiliation:
Department of Cardiovascular Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, 52056 Aachen, Germany (email: Hormes@hia.rwth-aachen.de; steinseifer@hia.rwth-aachen.de)
D. ARORA
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA (email: dhruv@alumni.rice.edu; ocm@alumni.rice.edu; mp@rice.edu)
O. CORONADO
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA (email: dhruv@alumni.rice.edu; ocm@alumni.rice.edu; mp@rice.edu)
M. PASQUALI
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA (email: dhruv@alumni.rice.edu; ocm@alumni.rice.edu; mp@rice.edu)
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Abstract

Ventricular assist devices (VADs) provide long- and short-term support to chronically ill heart disease patients; these devices are expected to match the remarkable functionality of the natural heart, which makes their design a very challenging task. Blood pumps, the principal component of the VADs, must operate over a wide range of flow rates and pressure heads and minimise the damage to blood cells in the process. They should also be small to allow easy implantation in both children and adults. Mathematical methods and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) have recently emerged as powerful design tools in this context; a review of the recent advances in the field is presented here. This review focusses on the CFD-based design strategies applied to blood flow in blood pumps and other blood-handling devices. Both simulation methods for blood flow and blood damage models are reviewed. The literature is put into context with a discussion of the chronological development in the field. The review is illustrated with specific examples drawn from our group's Galerkin/least squares (GLS) finite-element simulations of the basic Newtonian flow problem for the continuous-flow centrifugal GYRO blood pump. The GLS formulation is outlined, and modifications to include models that better represent blood rheology are shown. Haemocompatibility analysis of the pump is reviewed in the context of haemolysis estimations based on different blood damage models. Our strain-based blood damage model that accounts for the viscoleasticity associated with the red blood cells is reviewed in detail. The viability of design improvement based on trial and error and complete simulation-based design optimisation schemes are also discussed.

Type
A Survey in Mathematics for Industry
Information
European Journal of Applied Mathematics , Volume 20 , Issue 4 , August 2009 , pp. 363 - 397
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2009

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