¹ Edward Lazear, 2000, “Economic Imperialism,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 115, 1: 99-146, p. 142 ; Marion Fourcade, 2009, Economists and Societies (Princeton, Princeton University Press).

² Michel Aglietta and André Orléan, 1982, La Violence de la monnaie (Puf, Paris: 13) (quotation translated by the author).

³ Ibid.: 312.

⁴ The English title, Money: The First 5,000 Years of Debt and Power gestures to David Graeber’s Debt: The First 5,000 Years.

⁵ Karl Marx, 1990, Capital, 1 (New York, Penguin), p. 190.

⁶ Robert Tucker (ed.), 1978, The Marx-Engels Reader (New York, Norton), p. 104, 105.

⁷ Elsewhere, Aglietta makes the surprising claim that the “sine qua non condition of sovereignty” is the state’s “ultimate capacity to monetize its debt” [74].

⁸ Fernand Braudel, [1967] 1992, The Structures of Everyday Life (Berkeley, CA, University of California Press), p. 437.

⁹ Ibid., p. 439.

¹⁰ Braudel, op. cit., p. 437.

¹¹ Karl Polanyi, 1977, The Livelihood of Man (New York, Academic Press), chapter 1.

¹² See Carl Wennerlind, 2011, The Casualties of Credit (Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press); Christine Desan, 2014, Making Money: Coin, Currency, and the Coming of Capitalism (New York, Oxford University Press), and Nigel Dodd, 2014, The Social Life of Money (Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press).