Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-jr42d Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-19T16:25:34.142Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Modernisation de la caste et indianisation de la démocratie: le cas des Lingayat

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 July 2009

Jackie Assayag
Get access

Extract

À travers les âges, l'unité de l'lnde — « India is one » disait Dumont — a été symbolisée par une continuité culturelle enchâssée dans une structure sociale fondamentalement religieuse, comme l'exprimait Srinivas: « The concept of the unity of India is essentially a religious one », mais l'on peut ajouter que la structure de cette tradition a contribué à la projection d'une image unifiée de la civilisation qui a atteint le point de son plus haut développement à la fin de la période Gupta. Non qu'il n'y ait pas eu de changements, mais, vers la fin de cette période, la plupart des traités systématiques dans les champs de la réligion, de la littérature, de l'art, de la science et de philosophie ou de l'éthique s'étaient cristallisés dans ce qu'on a pu recemment appeler la « Grande Tradition ». Les périodes qui suivirent revinrent à une particularisation graduelle des institutions et des valeurs à l'intérieur de la tradition culturelle hindoue et aboutirent, dans certains cas, à des phénoménes de segmentarisation de cette « Grande Tradition ». Le centre de l'effervescence culturelle émigra du nord au sud de l'lnde et se régionalisa, donnant lieu a des mouvements hétérodoxes de reformulation et de reinterpretation des croyances socio-religieuses et des structures rituelles fondamentales de l'hindouisme. Sous la poussée des divers mouvements de bhakti, des saints-philosophes comme Śankara, Rāmānuja, Madhya rapprochérent la « Grande Tradition » du peuple, tout en modifiant son enseignement et en orientant leurs efforts vers un mouvement plus libéral vis-à-vis des Śūdra ou des basses castes; comme l'exprimait Stein: « In the eleventh century […] doctrinal issues come to be related quite directly to the place of Sūdrain the sect » (Stein 1968, p. 83).

Type
Vin Nouveau, Vieilles Outres
Information
European Journal of Sociology / Archives Européennes de Sociologie , Volume 27 , Issue 2 , November 1986 , pp. 319 - 352
Copyright
Copyright © Archives Européenes de Sociology 1986

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bibliographie

Bali, A.P., 1978. The Vīraśaiva Movement, in Malik, S.C. (ed.), Indian Movements. Some aspects of dissent, protest and reform (Simla, The Indian Institute of Advanced Studies), pp. 67–100.Google Scholar
Beals, A.R., 1955. Change in the leadership of a Mysore Village, in Srinivas, M.N., India's Villages (Bombay, Asia Publishing House), pp. 132–143.Google Scholar
Beals, A.R. 1966. Divisiness and Social Conflit. An anthropological approach (Stanford, Stanford University Press).Google Scholar
Bhandarkar, R.G., 1929. Vaiṣṇavism, Śaivism and Minor Religious Systems (Poona, Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute).Google Scholar
Bhat, A.C., 1969. Emerging pattern of leadership in Panchayat Raj set-up in Mysore State, Bulletin of Anthropological Survey of India, XVIII, 4, 123–137.Google Scholar
Chekki, D.A., 1974. Modernization and Kin Network (Leiden, E.J. Brill).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Derett, M. & Duncan, J., 1979. Tradition and law in India, in Moore, R.J. (ed.), Tradition and Politics in South Asia (New Delhi, Vikas Publishing House), pp. 32–59.Google Scholar
Dumont, L., 1957. For a sociology of India, Contribution to Indian Sociology, I, 1–18.Google Scholar
Dumont, L. 1966. Homo Hierarchicus. Essai sur le systdme des castes (Paris, Gallimard).Google Scholar
Enthoven, R.E., 1920. The Castes and Tribes of Bombay (Delhi, Cosmo Publication), 3 vol.Google Scholar
Farquhar, J.N., 1920. An Outline of the Religious Literature of India (London, Oxford University Press).Google Scholar
Ghurye, G.S., 1950. Caste and Class in India (Bombay, Popular Book Depot).Google Scholar
Gurumurty, K.G., 1972. The Role of Factions in the Community. Development projects in a Mysore village (Dharwar) Ph. D. Thesis, inédite.Google Scholar
Gurumurty, K.G. 1976. Kallapura, a South Indian village (Dharwar, Karnatak University).Google Scholar
Habermas, J., 1978. Raison et légitimité. Problémes de légitimité dans le capitalisme avancé (Paris, Payot; 1re éd. allemande 1973).Google Scholar
Harper, E.B., & Harper, L.G., 1959. Political organisation and leadership in a Kainataka village in Park, , Tinker, (eds), op. cit. pp. 453–469.Google Scholar
Harrison, S.S., 1960. India. The most dangerous decades (Princeton, Princeton University Press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iskwaran, K., 1966. Tradition and Economy in Village India (London, Routledge and Kegan Paul).Google Scholar
Iskwaran, K. 1968. Shivapur: a south Indian village (London, Routledge and Kegan Paul).Google Scholar
Iskwaran, K. 1977. A Populistic Community and Modernization in India (Leiden, E.J. Brill).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iskwaran, K. 1980. Bhakti, tradition and modernization: the case of Lingayatism, in Lele, J. (ed.), Tradition and Modernity in Bhakti Movements (Leiden, E.J. Brill).Google Scholar
Kothari, R., 1970, Politics in India (New Delhi, Orient Longman).Google Scholar
Kothari, R. (ed.), 1969. Castes in Indian Politics (New Delhi, Orient Longman).Google Scholar
Leach, E.R., 1960. Introduction: what should we mean by caste? in Some Aspects of Caste in South Asia, Ceylan and North West Pakistan (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press).Google Scholar
Lele, J. (dir.), 1980. Tradition and Modernity in Bhakti Movements (Leiden, E.J. Brill).Google Scholar
Lewis, O., 1958. Village Life in Northern India (Urbana, University of Illinois Press).Google Scholar
Mac Cormack, W., 1959. The forms of communication in Virasaiva religion, in Singer, M. (ed.), Traditional India. Structure and change (Philadelphia, The American Folklore Society), pp. 119–129.Google Scholar
Mac Cormack, W. 1959. « Factionalism in a Mysore village », in Park, , Tinker, (eds), op. cit. pp. 438–444.Google Scholar
Mac Cormack, W. 1963. Lingayat as a sect, Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, vol. 93, n° I, 59–71.Google Scholar
Mac Cormack, W. 1973. On Liṅgāyat culture, in Ramanujan, A.K., Speaking of Śiva, pp. 169–174.Google Scholar
Malik, S.C. (ed.), 1978. Indian Movements. Some aspects of dissent, protest and reform (Simla, the Indian Institute of Advanced Study).Google Scholar
Mandelbaum, D.G., 1972. Society in India, vol. I: Continuity and Change; vol. II: Change and Continuity (Bombay, Popular Prakashan).Google Scholar
Manor, J., 1977. Structural changes in Karnataka politics, Economic and Political Weekly, 29 10, 1865–1869.Google Scholar
Manor, J. 1978. Political Change in an Indian State. Mysore 1917–1955 (New Delhi, South Asia Books).Google Scholar
Manor, J. 1979. Language, religion and political identity in Karnataka, in Taylor, D. and Yapp, M. (eds), Political Identity in South Asia (London, Curzon Press).Google Scholar
Marriott, M.K., 1961. Changing channels of cultural transmission in Indian society, in Vidyarthy, L.P. (ed.), Aspect of Religion in Indian Society (Meerut, Kedar Nath Tam), pp. 13–25.Google Scholar
Mercier, P., 1966. Histoire de Vanthropologie (Paris, P.U.F.).Google Scholar
Myrdal, G., 1976. Le drame de l'Asie. Enquête sur la pauvreté des nations (Paris, Seuil; 1re éd. anglaise 1968, 3 vol.)Google Scholar
Nandimath, S.C., Menezes, L.M.A. & Hiremath, R.C., 1965. Śūnyasampādane, 5 vol. (Dharwar, Karnatak University).Google Scholar
Park, R.L., Tinker, I. (eds), 1959. Leadership and Political Institutions in India (Princeton, Princeton University Press).Google Scholar
Parvathamma, C., 1971. Politics and Religion. A study of historical interaction between socio-political relationships in a Mysore village (New Delhi, Sterling Publishing).Google Scholar
Parvathamma, C. 1972. Sociological Essays on Veeraśaivism (Bombay, Popular Prakashan).Google Scholar
Pouchepadass, J., 1975. L'Inde au XXe siécle (Paris, P.U.F.).Google Scholar
Ramanujan, A.K., 1973. Speaking of Śiva (New York/London, Penguin Books).Google Scholar
Rudolph, L.I., & Rudolph, S.H., 1967. The Modernity of Tradition, Political Development in India (Chicago/London, University of Chicago Press).Google Scholar
Singer, M., 1972. When a Great Tradition Modernizes. An anthropological approach to Indian civilization (London, Pall Mall Press).Google Scholar
Singh, Y., 1974. Modernization of Indian Tradition. A systematic study of social change (Delhi, Thompson Press).Google Scholar
Srinivas, M. N., 1952. Religion and Society among the Coorgs of South India (Bombay, Media Promoters and Publishers).Google Scholar
Srinivas, M. N. 1962. Caste in Modern India and other Essays (Bombay, Asia Publishing House).Google Scholar
Srinivas, M. N. 1966. Social Change in Modern India (Berkeley/Los Angeles, University of California Press).Google Scholar
Srinivasan Murthy, H.V. & Ramakrishnan, R., 1977. A History of Karnataka. From the earliest time to the present day (New Delhi, S. Chand and Company).Google Scholar
Stein, B., 1968. Social mobility and medieval South Indian Hindu sects, in Silverberg, J. (ed.), Social Mobility in the Caste System in India (Paris/La Hague Mouton), pp. 78–94.Google Scholar
Thapar, R., 1965. A History of India, vol. I (Harm'ondsworth, Penguin Books).Google Scholar
Thurston, E., 1909. Castes and Tribes of Southern India, 7 vol. (Madras, Madras Government Press).Google Scholar