Hostname: page-component-54dcc4c588-nx7b4 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-10-04T18:02:09.282Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

SOIL AGGREGATION AND ORGANIC CARBON AS AFFECTED BY DIFFERENT IRRIGATION AND NITROGEN LEVELS IN THE MAIZE–WHEAT CROPPING SYSTEM

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 September 2013

SANGEETA LENKA ,
A. K. SINGH  and
N. K. LENKA
SANGEETA LENKA*
Affiliation:
Water Technology Centre, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India Department of Soil Physics, Indian Institute of Soil Science, Nabibagh, Berasia Road, Bhopal 462038, Madhya Pradesh, India
A. K. SINGH
Affiliation:
Water Technology Centre, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Viswa Vidyalaya, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
N. K. LENKA
Affiliation:
Water Technology Centre, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India Division of Soil Chemistry, Indian Institute of Soil Science, Nabibagh, Berasia Road, Bhopal 462038, Madhya Pradesh, India
*
§Corresponding author. Email: sangeeta_2@rediffmail.com
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Best management practices in agriculture have the potential to sequester carbon and improve soil aggregation. Hence, in the present investigation, different levels of irrigation and nitrogen (inorganic and organic) were used in the maize–wheat cropping system to study their effect on soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation and aggregation. The treatments consisted of three levels of water regimes (namely W1, W2 and W3 referring to limited, medium and maximum irrigation) and five nitrogen levels (T1, 0% N; T2, 75% N; T3, 100% N; T4, 150% N; T5, 100% N from organic source), with three replications taken in a split plot design. Positive and significant correlation between SOC and mean weight diameter (MWD) was observed, implying that increasing SOC improved soil structure and increased the MWD. The quantification of water and nitrogen interaction on SOC was done by developing a multiple regression equation, which, when validated with SOC of the subsequent year, resulted in significant correlation. Irrigation and N was found to have a significant effect on soil aggregation and organic carbon build-up. Two N treatments (T4: 150% N and T5: 100% N from organic source) improved soil aggregation (macro-aggregates) and SOC when accompanied with W3 water regime (maximum amount of irrigation). Across N treatments, the W3 regime registered significantly higher SOC by more than 30% over control in the 0–15-cm soil depth.

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
Experimental Agriculture , Volume 50 , Issue 2 , April 2014 , pp. 216 - 228
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

REFERENCES

Benbi, D. K., Biswas, C. R., Bawa, S. S. and Kumar, K. (1998). Influence of farmyard manure, inorganic fertilizers and weed control practices on some soil physical properties in a long-term experiment. Soil Use and Management 14:52–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benbi, D. K. and Brar, J. S. (2009) A 25-year record of carbon sequestration and soil properties in intensive agriculture. Agronomy for Sustainable Development 29:257–265.Google Scholar
Chao-fu, W. E. I., Jing-an, S. H. A. O., Jiu-pai, N. I., Ming, G. A. O., De-ti, X. I. E., Gen-xing, P. A. N. and Hasegawa, S. (2008). Soil aggregation and its relationship with organic carbon of purple soils in the Sichuan Basin, China. Agricultural Sciences in China 7 (8):987–998.Google Scholar
Chevallier, T. E., Blanchart, A. A. and Feller, C. (2004). The physical protection of soil organic carbon in aggregates: a mechanism of carbon storage in a Vertisol under pasture and market gardening (Martinique, West Indies). Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 103:375–387.Google Scholar
Fonte, S. J., Yeboah, E., Ofori, P., Quansah, G. W., Vanlauwe, B. and Six, J. (2009). Fertilizer and residue quality effects on organic matter stabilization in soil aggregates. Soil Science Society of America Journal 73:961–966.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gilley, J. E. and Risse, L. M. (2000). Runoff and soil loss as affected by the application of manure. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 43:1583–1588.Google Scholar
Gomez, K. A. and Gomez, A. A. (1984). Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research, 2nd edn. Singapore: Wiley-Interscience.Google Scholar
Gregorich, E. G., Drury, C. F. and Baldock, J. A. (2001). Changes in soil carbon under long-term maize in monoculture and legume-based rotation. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 81:21–31.Google Scholar
Hudson, B. (1994). Soil organic matter and available water capacity. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 17:189–193.Google Scholar
Jastrow, J. W. (1996). Soil aggregate formation and the accrual of particulate and mineral-associated organic matter. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 28:665–676.Google Scholar
Jenkinson, D. S. (1984). The supply of nitrogen from the soil. In The Nitrogen Requirements of Cereals. MAFFIADAS Reference Book No. 385, 78–92. London: HMSO.Google Scholar
Kemper, W. D. and Rosenau, R. C. (1986). Aggregate stability and size distribution. In Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 1. Physical and Mineralogical Methods, 425–440 (Ed. Klute, A.). Madison, WI: ASA–SSA.Google Scholar
Kesavan, S. P., Sharma, N. K., Khadikar, P. V. and Verma, G. P. (1995). Effect of long-term input and intensive cropping on aggregation of a black clay soil. Crop Research (Hisar) 9:258–265.Google Scholar
Kukal, S. S., Rehana-Rasool, and Benbi, D. K. (2009). Soil organic carbon sequestration in relation to organic and inorganic fertilization in rice–wheat and maize–wheat systems. Soil and Tillage Research 102:87–92.Google Scholar
Kumar, S., Sharma, J. C. and Sharma, I. P. (2002). Water retention characteristics and erodibility indices of soils under different land uses in northwest Himalayas. Indian Journal of Soil Conservation 30:29–35.Google Scholar
Kurual, A. and Tripathi, R. P. (1990). Effect of continuous use of manures and fertilizers on physical properties of soil under paddy–wheat–cowpea cropping system. Crop Research 3:7–12.Google Scholar
Lado, M., Paz, A. and Ben-Hur, M. (2004). Organic matter and aggregate size interactions in saturated hydraulic conductivity. Soil Science Society of American Journal 68:234–242.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lenka, N. K. and Lal, R. (2013). Soil aggregation and greenhouse gas flux after 15 years of wheat straw and fertilizer management in a no-till system. Soil and Tillage Research 126:78–89.Google Scholar
Lenka, S., Singh, A. K. and Lenka, N. K. (2009). Water and nitrogen interaction on soil profile water extraction and ET in maize–wheat cropping system. Agricultural Water Management 96:195–207.Google Scholar
Liang, B. C. and Mackenzie, A. I. (1992). Changes in soil organic carbon and nitrogen after six years of corn production. Soil Science 153: 307–313.Google Scholar
Liu, X. B., Han, X. Z., Song, C.Y., Herbert, S. J. and Xing, B. (2003). Soil organic carbon dynamics in black soil of China under different agricultural management systems. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 34:973–984.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lugato, E., Simonetti, G., Morari, F., Nardi, S., Berti, A. and Giardini, L. (2010). Distribution of organic and humic carbon in wet-sieved aggregates of different soils under long-term fertilization experiment. Geoderma 157:80–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mahmood, T., Azam, F., Hussain, F. and Malik, K. A. (1997). Carbon availability and microbial biomass in soil under an irrigated wheat–maize cropping system receiving different fertilizer treatments. Biology and Fertility of Soils 25:63–68.Google Scholar
Manna, M. C., Swarup, A., Wanjaria, R. H., Ravankar, H. M., Mishra, B., Saha, M. N., Singh, Y. V., Sahid, D. K. and Sarap, P. A. (2005). Long-term effect of fertilizer and manure application on soil organic carbon storage, soil quality and yield sustainability under sub-humid and semi-arid tropical India. Field Crops Research 93:264–280.Google Scholar
Martins, M. R., Cora, J. E., Jorge, R. F. and Marcelo, A. V. (2009). Crop type influences soil aggregation and organic matter under no-tillage. Soil and Tillage Research 104:22–29.Google Scholar
Mishra, V. K. and Sharma, R. B. (1997). Effect of fertilizers alone and in combination with manure on physical properties and productivity of Entisol under rice based cropping systems. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science 45:84–88.Google Scholar
Page, A. L. (1991). Methods of Soil Analysis, 2nd edn, Madison, USA: American Society of Soil Science.Google Scholar
Patil, S. K., Pisal, A. A. and Desale, J. S. (1992). Response of fodder maize to biofertilizers. Indian Journal of Agronomy 37:356–357.Google Scholar
Perfect, E. and Kay, B. D. (1990). Relations between aggregate stability and organic components for a silt loam soil. Canadian of Journal Soil Science 70:731–735.Google Scholar
Purakayastha, T. J., Rudrappa, L., Singh, D., Swarup, A. and Bhadraray, S. (2008). Long-term impact of fertilizers on soil organic carbon pools and sequestration rates in maize–wheat–cowpea cropping system. Geoderma 144:370–378.Google Scholar
Rasool, R., Kukal, S. S. and Hira, G. S. (2008). Soil organic carbon and physical properties as affected by long-term application of FYM and inorganic fertilizers in maize–wheat system. Soil and Tillage Research 101:31–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ray, S. S. and Gupta, R. R. (2001). Effect of green manuring and tillage practices on physical properties of puddled loam soil under rice–wheat cropping system. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science 49:670–678.Google Scholar
Sarkar, S., Singh, S. R. and Singh, R. P. (2003). The effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil physical condition and the productivity of a rice–lentil cropping sequence in India. Journal of Agricultural Science 140:419–425.Google Scholar
SAS. (2011). Version 9.3. SAS Institute. Cary, North Carolina, USA.Google Scholar
Selvam, S. P. and Christopher, L. A. (1998). Organic manure application in field crops: a review. Agricultural Review 19:202–204.Google Scholar
Six, J., Elliott, E. T. and Paustian, K. (1999). Aggregate and soil organic matter dynamics under conventional and no-tillage systems. Soil Science Society of America Journal 63:1350–1358.Google Scholar
Spaccini, R., Mbagwu, J. S. C., Igwe, C. A., Conte, P. and Piccolo, A. (2004). Carbohydrates and aggregation in lowland soils of Nigeria as influenced by organic inputs. Soil and Tillage Research 75:161–172.Google Scholar
Swarup, A., Manna, M. C. and Singh, G. B. (2000). Impact of land use and management practices on organic carbon dynamics in soils of India. In Global Climate Change and Tropical Ecosystems, Advances in Soil Science, 261–281 (Eds Lal, R., Kimble, J. M. and Stewart, B. A.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Tisdall, J. M. and Oades, J. M. (1982). Organic matter and water stable aggregates in soils. Journal of Soil Science 33:141–163.Google Scholar
Van Bavel, C. H. M. (1949). Mean weight diameter of soil aggregates as a statistical index of aggregation. Soil Science Society of America Proceedings 14:20–23.Google Scholar
Walkley, A. and Black, I. A. (1934). An examination of Degtjareff method for determining soils organic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Science 34:29–38.Google Scholar
Yoder, R. E. (1936). A direct method of aggregate analysis and a study of the physical nature of erosion losses. Journal of American Society Agronomy 28:337–351.Google Scholar
Yu, H., Ding, W., Luo, J., Geng, R. and Zucong, C. (2012). Long-term application of organic manure and mineral fertilizers on aggregation and aggregate-associated carbon in a sandy loam soil. Soil and Tillage Research 124:170–177.Google Scholar