Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-tj2md Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-18T06:24:22.775Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

TEMPERATURE AND DROUGHT STRESS EFFECTS ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF BAMBARA GROUNDNUT (VIGNA SUBTERRANEA L.)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 June 2013

IBRAHEEM AL SHAREEF ,
DEBBIE SPARKES  and
SAYED AZAM-ALI
IBRAHEEM AL SHAREEF*
Affiliation:
School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
DEBBIE SPARKES
Affiliation:
School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
SAYED AZAM-ALI
Affiliation:
Crops for the Future Research Centre, Block B, The University of Nottingham, Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga 43500, Selangor, Semenyih, Malaysia
*
‡Corresponding author. Email: ibraheem.alshareef@yahoo.co.uk
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

The effect of drought and temperature on the growth and development of bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) was studied in controlled environment glasshouses in the United Kingdom. There were two landraces, S19-3 (from a hot, dry environment; Namibia) and Uniswa Red (from a cool, wet environment; Swaziland), two temperature regimes (23 °C and 33 °C) and three watering regimes (2006; fully irrigated), 2007 (drought imposed at 77 days after sowing (DAS)) and 2008 (drought imposed at 30 DAS)). Bambara groundnut responded to drought by slowing the rate of leaf area expansion and reducing final canopy size and total dry matter (TDM). Drought also caused significant reductions in pod dry matter, pod numbers and harvest index (HI), leading to a decrease in final yield that was different between landraces. Throughout the three growing seasons, landraces grown at 33 °C produced more TDM than the landraces grown at 23 °C. The two landraces differed in their phenology; S19-3 exhibited a reduced phenology where leaf numbers started to decrease before Uniswa Red at both temperatures, while Uniswa Red maintained the longest life cycle. The lowest pod yield was produced by Uniswa Red in 2008 at 33 °C (maximum of 35.5 gm−2), while S19-3 produced a minimum pod yield of 56.6 gm−2 at 33 °C, also in 2008. However, both landraces produced considerably more pod yield at 23 °C throughout the three growing seasons (minimum of 151 gm−2 and 162 gm−2 for Uniswa Red and S19-3, respectively). Under moderate drought, S19-3 at 33 °C gave the highest pod yield (365 gm−2) among the treatments throughout the three growing seasons and maintained HI better under drought. Despite being from a hot, dry environment, S19-3 also performed well at low temperature, which indicates the adaptation of S19-3 to low temperature that it also experiences in the country of origin.

Type
Research Article
Information
Experimental Agriculture , Volume 50 , Issue 1 , January 2014 , pp. 72 - 89
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Alvarez-Uria, P. and Korner, C. (2007). Low temperature limits of root growth in deciduous and evergreen temperate tree species. Functional Ecology 21:211–218.Google Scholar
Clifford, S. C., Stronach, I. M., Mohamed, A. D., Azam-Ali, S. N. and Crout, N. M. J. (1993). The effects of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide and water stress on light interception, dry matter production and yield in stands of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea). Journal of Experimental Botany 44:1763–1770.Google Scholar
Collinson, S. T., Berchie, J. and Azam-Ali, S. N. (1999). The effect of soil moisture on light interception and the conversion coefficient for three landraces of bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea). Journal of Agriculture Science 133:151–157.Google Scholar
Collinson, S. T., Sibuga, K. P., Tarimo, A. J. P. and Azam-Ali, S. N. (2000). Influence of sowing date on the growth and yield of bambara groundnut landraces in Tanzania. Experimental Agriculture 36:1–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gardner, C. M. K., Laryea, K. B. and Unger, P. W. (1999). Soil Physical Constraints to Plant Growth and Crop Production. Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).Google Scholar
Gawronska, H., Thornron, M. K. and Dwelle, R. B. (1992). Influence of heat stress on dry matter production and photo-assimilate partitioning by four potato clones. American Journal of Potato Research 69:653–665.Google Scholar
Klueva, N., Mastri, E., Marmiroli, N. and Nguyen, H. (2001). Mechanisms of thermo tolerance in crops. In Crop Responses and Adaptations to Temperature Stress (Ed Basra, A. S.). New York: Food Products Press.Google Scholar
Linnemann, A. R. and Azam-Ali, S. N. (1993). Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean (L.)Verdc.). In Underutilized Crops, Pulses and Vegetables (Ed Williams, J. T.). London, UK: Champan and Hall.Google Scholar
Massawe, F. J., Azam-Ali, S. N. and Roberts, J. A. (2003). The impact of temperature on leaf appearance in bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc) landraces. Crop Science 43:1375–1379.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mwale, S. S., Azam-Ali, S. N. and Massawe, F. J. (2007). Growth and development of bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) in response to soil moisture. 1. Dry matter and yield. European Journal of Agronomy 26:345–353.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mwale, S. S, Azam-Ali, S. N, Massawe, F. J. and Roberts, J. A. (2003). Effect of soil moisture on growth and development of bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) verdc.). In Proceedings of the International Bambara Groundnut Symposium, Botswana, August 2003, 65–84.Google Scholar
Ong, C. K. (1984). The influence of temperature and water deficit on the partitioning of dry matter in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Journal of Experimental Botany 35:746–755.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Squire, G. R. (1990). The Physiology of Tropical Crop Production. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.Google Scholar
Wang, Y., Chin, C. and Chin, Y. (1998). Effects of low temperature on plant growth and their protein patterns in phloem exudates (Luffa cylindirca). Taiwania 43 (4):247–260.Google Scholar
Wilhelm, W. and McMaster, G. (1995). Importance of the phyllochron in studying development and growth in grasses. Crop Science 35 (1):1–3.Google Scholar