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Variation of Loranthaceae impact on Vitellariaparadoxa C. F. Gaertn. fruit yield in contrasting habitats andimplications for its conservation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 March 2013

Thierry D. Houehanou ,
Valentin Kindomihou ,
Tariq Stevart ,
Brice Tente ,
Marcel Houinato  and
Brice Sinsin
Thierry D. Houehanou*
Affiliation:
Lab. Appl. Ecol., Fac. Agron. Sci., Univ. Abomey Calavi, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin. houehanout@yahoo.fr ,
Valentin Kindomihou
Affiliation:
Lab. Appl. Ecol., Fac. Agron. Sci., Univ. Abomey Calavi, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin. houehanout@yahoo.fr ,
Tariq Stevart
Affiliation:
Mo. Bot. Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO, 63166-0299 U.S.A.
Brice Tente
Affiliation:
Lab. Appl. Ecol., Fac. Agron. Sci., Univ. Abomey Calavi, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin. houehanout@yahoo.fr ,
Marcel Houinato
Affiliation:
Lab. Appl. Ecol., Fac. Agron. Sci., Univ. Abomey Calavi, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin. houehanout@yahoo.fr ,
Brice Sinsin
Affiliation:
Lab. Appl. Ecol., Fac. Agron. Sci., Univ. Abomey Calavi, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin. houehanout@yahoo.fr ,
*
* Correspondence and reprints
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Abstract

Introduction. Shea tree (V.paradoxa C.F. Gaertn.), a species endemic to the Sudaniansavanna woodlands, is dominant in the parklands of West Africa whereit is of great socioeconomic importance. However, shea tree hasbeen reported in recent decades to be threatened by plant parasites,Loranthaceae. Our study aimed to assess possible variation of theimpact of these parasites on shea tree fruit yield in two contrastinghabitats. Materials and methods. We selected 41 weaklyand 41 heavily infected shea tree individuals, of similar size,in a protected area as well as in its adjacent parklands. Shea treetraits such as diameter at breast height, canopy diameter, treeheight, canopy height, number of fruit yielded, number of parasite stumpsper tree and an impact index ratio were assessed on each shea treeindividual. Two-way ANOVA was performed to compare parasite impacton shea tree fruit yield in relation to habitat. Hierarchical cluster, canonicaldiscriminant and one-way ANOVA analyses were used to show quantitativetraits that characterize shea tree groups from habitats. Results.Loranthaceae did not reduce fruit yield significantly either inthe parklands or in the protected area. Quantitative traits tendedto discriminate all pooled shea trees in relation to habitats. Sheatree individuals in parklands were characterized mostly by the highestvalue of number of infected stumps per tree and of the impact index ratio,suggesting that many shea tree individuals in parklands were sensitiveto Loranthaceae impact on their fruit yield. Conclusion.These findings were helpful for implementing some shea tree conservationplans.

Keywords

BeninVitellaria paradoxafruitsyieldLoranthaceaeparasitismcolonizing abilityhabitatsBéninVitellaria paradoxafruitsrendementLoranthaceaeparasitismeptitude à coloniserhabitatBeninVitellaria paradoxafruitasrendimientoLoranthaceaeparasitismoaptitud colonizadorahabitat

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Type
Research Article
Information
Fruits , Volume 68 , Issue 2 , March 2013 , pp. 109 - 120
Copyright
© 2013 Cirad/EDP Sciences

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