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Inventory of the fruit fly species (Diptera: Tephritidae) linked to the mango tree in Mali and tests of integrated control

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2007

Jean-François Vayssières ,
Fatogoma Sanogo  and
Moussa Noussourou
Jean-François Vayssières
Affiliation:
Cirad, UPR production fruitière, IITA, Biological Control Center for Africa, 08 BP 0932, Tripostal, Cotonou, Bénin
Fatogoma Sanogo
Affiliation:
IER, CRA de Sikasso, BP 16, Sikasso, Mali
Moussa Noussourou
Affiliation:
IER, CRA de Baguineda, BP 30, Bamako, Mali
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Abstract

Introduction. In Mali, mango annual production is estimated at 100 000 t. Because of structural and plant sanitary problems mainly related to the actions of fruit fly, seldom more than 1% of this production is exported. The principal aim of this study was to develop an integrated control of the Tephritidae using spot treatments. One of the preconditions was to identify the species responsible for the damage in the three principal Mali production zones (Sikasso, Bougouni and Bamako). Materials and methods. Mangos belonging to the principal exported varieties were collected from the beginning of April up to the beginning of October 2000 and were observed to identify the Tephritidae species present in the fruits. The installation of sex attractant or of foodstuff attractant traps allowed us to follow the evolution and constitution of the fruit fly population in the orchards of the three selected sites. The effectiveness of a spot treatment to control Ceratitis sp. was tested. Results and discussion. Starting from adult observations and determination, six species of Tephritidae were identified. Among them, Ceratitis cosyra (Walker), C. quinaria (Bezzi) and C. silvestrii Bezzi were earliest and are thus most prejudicial. C. cosyra represented 86% of the total recovered flies. The species C. anonae, C. quinaria, C. fasciventris and C. ditissima were identified for the first time in Mali. The damage due to Tephritidae in the middle of the harvest period bordered on 50% of the crop for the varieties Kent and Keitt and exceeded 60% for that of Brooks. The 180 traps installed on the three studied sites allowed us to capture 128 998 Tephritidae adults belonging to thirteen species; the six species linked to the mango tree represented 99% of this total. The spot treatments carried out on the three experimental sites gave encouraging results, with a reduction in damage of approximately 50% in the treated orchards compared with the control orchards. Conclusions. To prolong the action undertaken, it will be interesting to confirm and look for further results obtained during the years to come. The installation of a regional project for controlling mango tree Tephritidae in West Africa would be fundamental in the medium term to limit such an insect pest which itself prevails on the sub-region scale.

Keywords

MaliMangifera indicaTephritidaeCeratitisidentificationdamageintegrated controltrapspopulation dynamicsMaliMangifera indicaTephritidaeCeratitisidentificationdégâtlutte intégréepiègedynamique des populations
Type
Research Article
Information
Fruits , Volume 62 , Issue 5 , September 2007 , pp. 329 - 341
Copyright
© CIRAD, EDP Sciences, 2007

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