Hostname: page-component-7dd5485656-g8tfn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-10-31T09:51:16.856Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Genetic structure and differentiation in Metrosideros polymorpha (Myrtaceae) along altitudinal gradients in Maui, Hawaii

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 April 2009

K. M. Aradhya ,
D. Mueller-Dombois  and
T. A. Ranker
K. M. Aradhya
Affiliation:
Department of Botany, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 3190 Maile Way, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
D. Mueller-Dombois*
Affiliation:
Department of Botany, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 3190 Maile Way, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
T. A. Ranker
Affiliation:
University Museum and Department of Environmental, Population, and Organismic Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
*
* Corresponding author.
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The level and distribution of genetic variability within and among Metrosideros polymorpha populations along altitudinal gradients on the island of Maui, Hawaii were examined to assess the extent of genetic differentiation. Sixteen loci encoding 11 enzymes were scored in 17 populations along the NE wet slope of Mt. Haleakala and Kipahulu Valley in East Maui and six populations along the Puu Kukui trail in West Maui. On average, 50% of the loci were polymorphic within populations with an overall mean of 2·15 alleles per locus. The observed heterozygosities for different populations were moderate (0·108–0·220) and conformed to panmixia except for one of the mid-elevation populations. The distribution of allozyme variation indicates that very little differentiation has occurred along altitudinal gradients. Approximately 90% of the total variation resides within populations in East Maui while 95% was found within West Maui populations. The mean populational pair-wise genetic identities (Nei's I) ranged from 0·909 to 0·998. The UPGMA cluster analysis on genetic identity matrices and PCA on allele frequencies revealed marginal altitudinal differentiation. Twenty one alleles out of a total 63 showed statistically significant correlations with environmental variables.

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
Genetics Research , Volume 61 , Issue 3 , June 1993 , pp. 159 - 170
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1993

References

Allard, R. W. (1970). Population structure and sampling methods. In: Genetic Resources in Plants -Their Exploration and Conservation, IBP Handbook (ed. Frankel, O. H. and Bennett, E.), pp. 97–107. Oxford and Edinburgh: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Anderson, P. R., Knibb, W. R. & Oakshott, J. G. (1987). Observation on the extent of latitudinal clines for alcohol dehydrogenase and four chromosome inversions in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetica 75, 81–88.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Antlfinger, A. E. (1981). The genetic basis of microdifferentiation in natural and experimental populations of Borrichia frutescens in relation to salinity. Evolution 35, 1056–1068.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Aradhya, K. M. (1992). Genecology of Hawaiian Metrosideros. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii.Google Scholar
Arulsekar, S. & Parfitt, D. E. (1986). Isozyme analysis procedures for stone fruits, almonds, grape, walnut, pistachio, and fig. HortScience 21, 928–933.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bousquet, J., Cheliak, W. M. & Lalonde, M. (1987). Allozyme variability in natural populations of green alder (Alnus crispd) in Quebec. Genome 29, 345–352.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, A. H. D. (1979). Enzyme polymorphism in plant populations. Theoretical Population Biology 15, 1–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, A. H. D., Marshall, D. R. & Mundey, J. (1976). The adaptedness of variants at an alcohol dehydrogenase locus in Bromus mollis L. Australian Journal of Biological Sciences 29, 389–396.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cardy, B. J., Stuber, C. W., Wendel, J. F. & Goodman, M. M. (1983). Techniques for starch gel electrophoresis from Maize (Zea mays L.). Mimeograph Series No. 1317. Raleigh: North Carolina State University.Google Scholar
Carpenter, F. L. (1976). Plant-pollinator interactions in Hawaii: pollination energetics of Metrosideros collina (Myrtaceae). Ecology 57, 1125–1144CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carr, G. D. (1985). Habitat variations in the Hawaiian Madiinae (Heliantheae) and its relevance to generic concepts in the Compositae. Taxon 34, 22–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chakraborty, R. (1980). Gene diversity analysis in nested subdivided populations. Genetics 96, 721–723.Google Scholar
Chapin, F. S. & Chapin, M. C. (1981). Ecotypic differentiation of growth processes in Carex aquatilis along latitudinal and local gradients. Ecology 62, 1000–1009.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corn, C. A. (1979). Variation in Hawaiian Metrosideros, Ph.D. Dissertation. Honolulu: University of Hawaii, Honolulu.Google Scholar
Crow, J. F. & Aoki, K. (1984). Group selection for a polygenic behaviour trait: estimating the degree of population subdivision. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 81, 6073–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dancik, B. P. & Yeh, F. C. (1983). Allozyme variability and evolution of lodgepole pine (Pinus contarta var. latifolid) and jack pine (P. banksiana) in Alberta. Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 25, 57–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
David, J. R., Alonso-Moraga, A., Borai, F., Capy, P., Mercot, H., McEvey, S. F., Munoz-Serrano, A. & Tsakas, S. (1989). Latitudinal variation of Adh gene frequencies in Drosophila melanogaster: a Mediterranean instability. Heredity 62, 11–16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dawson, J. W. & Stemmermann, L. (1990). Metrosideros Banks ex Gaertn. In: Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii, Vol. 1 (ed. Wagner, W. L., Herbst, D. R. and Sohmer, S. H.), pp. 964–970. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press/Bishop Museum Press.Google Scholar
Dobzhansky, Th. (1970). Genetics of the Evolutionary Process. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Eberhart, S. A. & Russell, W. L. (1966). Stability parameters for comparing varieties. Crop Science 6, 36–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eggler, W. A. (1971). Quantitative studies of vegetation of sixteen young lava flows on the island of Hawaii. Tropical Ecology 12, 66–100.Google Scholar
Endler, J. A. (1977). Geographic Variation, Speciation and Clines. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google ScholarPubMed
Fisher, R. A. (1950). Gene frequencies in a cline determined by selection and diffusion. Biometrics 6, 353–361.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ganders, F. R. (1990). Altitudinal clines for cynogenesis in introduced populations of white clover near Vancouver, Canada. Heredity 64, 387–390.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ganders, F. R. & Nagata, K. M. (1984). The role of hybridization in the evolution of Bidens on the Hawaiian Islands. In: Plant Biosystematics (ed. Grant, W. F.), pp. 179–184. Orlando: Academic Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gauch, H. G. (1982). Multivariate Analysis in Community Ecology. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gauch, H. G. & Whittaker, R. H. (1972). Comparison of ordination techniques. Ecology 53, 868–875.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Giambelluca, T. W., Nullet, M. A. & Schroeder, T. A. (1986). Rainfall Atlas of Hawaii. Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Water and Land Development, State of Hawaii, Report R 76.Google Scholar
Gottiieb, L. D. (1975). Allelic diversity in the outcrossing annual plant Stephanomeria exigua ssp. carotifera (Compositae). Evolution 29, 213–225.Google Scholar
Guries, R. P. & Ledig, F. T. (1982). Genetic diversity and population structure in pitch pine (Pinus radiata Mill). Evolution 36, 387–02.Google ScholarPubMed
Haldane, J. B. S. (1948). The theory of a cline. Journal of Genetics 48, 227–284.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hamrick, J. L. (1983). The distribution of genetic variation within and among populations. In: Genetics and Conservation (ed. Schonewald-Cox, C. M., Chambers, S. M., MacBryde, B. and Thomas, W. L.), pp. 500–508. California: The Benjamin/Cummings.Google Scholar
Hamrick, J. L. (1987). Gene flow and distribution of genetic variation in plant populations. In: Differentiation Patterns in Higher Plants (ed. Urbanska, K. M.), pp. 53–67. London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Hamrick, J. L. & Godt, M. J. (1990). Allozyme diversity in plant species. In: Plant Population Genetics, Breedings, and Genetic Resources (ed. Brown, A. H. D., Clegg, M. T., Kahler, A. L. and Weir, B. S.), pp. 43–63. Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates Inc. Publishers.Google Scholar
Hamrick, J. L., Linhart, Y. B. & Mitton, J. B. (1979). Relationships between life history characteristics and electrophoretically detectable genetic variation in plants. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 10, 173–200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Helenurm, K. & Ganders, F. R. (1985). Adaptive radiation and genetic differentiation in Hawaiian Bidens. Evolution 39, 753–765.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jain, S. K. (1975). Population structure and the effects of breedings systems. In: Crop Genetic Resources for Today and Tomorrow (ed. Frankel, O. H. and Hawakes, J. G.), pp. 15–36. London: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Johnson, F. M. & Powell, A. (1974). The alcohol dehydrogenase of Drosophila melanogaster: frequency changes associated with heat and cold shock. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 71, 1783–1784.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kitayama, K. & Mueller-Dombois, D. (1992). Vegetation of the wet windward slope of Haleakala, Maui, Hawaii. Pacific Science 46, 197–220.Google Scholar
Koehn, R. K. (1969). Esterase heterogeneity: dynamics of a polymorphism. Science 163, 943–944.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Levin, D. A. (1988). Local differentiation and the breeding structure of plant populations. In: Plant Evolutionary Biology (ed. Gottlieb, L. D. and Jain, S. K.), pp. 305–329. London: Chapman and Hall.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levin, D. A. & Kerster, H. W. (1974). Gene flow in seed plants. In: Evolutionary Biology, Vol. 7 (ed. Dobzhansky, T., Hecht, M. and Steere, W.), pp. 139–220. New York: Plenum.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loveless, M. D. & Hamrick, J. L. (1984). Ecological determinants of genetic structure in plant populations. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 15, 65–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lowrey, T. K. & Crawford, D. J. (1985). Allozyme divergence and evolution in Tetramolopium (Compositae: Asteraceae) on the Hawaiian Islands. Systematic Botany 10, 64–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mayr, E. (1963). Animal Species and Evolution. Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McNeilly, T. (1968). Evolution in closely adjacent plant populations. III. Agrostis tenuis on a small copper mine. Heredity 23, 99–108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mitton, J. B., Sturgeon, K. B. & Davis, M. L. (1980). Genetic differentiation in Ponderosa pine along a steep elevational transect. Silvae Genetica 29, 100–103.Google Scholar
Mueller-Dombois, D. (1987). Forest dynamics in Hawaii. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 2, 216–220.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mueller-Dombois, D. & Loope, L. L. (1990). Some unique ecological aspects of oceanic island ecosystems. Monograph of Systematic Botany of Missouri Botanical Garden 32, 21–27.Google Scholar
Nei, M. (1973). Analysis of gene diversity in subdivided populations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 70, 3321–3323.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nei, M. (1978). Estimation of average heterozygosity and genetic distance from a small number of individuals. Genetics 89, 583–590.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nevo, E. & Bar, Z. (1976). Natural selection of genetic polymorphisms along climatic gradients. In: Population Genetics and Ecology (ed. Karlin, S. and Nevo, E.), pp. 159–184. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
SAS Institute (1990). SAS/STAT user's guide, version 6,4th edn.Cary N.C.: SAS Institute.Google Scholar
Schwaegerle, K. E. & Bazzaz, F. A. (1987). Differentiation among nine populations of Phlox: Response to environmental gradients. Ecology 68, 54–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shaw, C. R. & Prasad, R. (1970). Starch gel electrophoresis of enzymes -a compilation of recipes. Biochemical Genetics 4, 297–320.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Simon, C. (1987). Hawaiian evolutionary biology: an introduction. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 2, 175–178.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smathers, G. A. & Mueller-Dombois, D. (1974). Invasion and Recovery of Vegetation after a Volcanic eruption in Hawaii. National Park Service Monograph Series, No. 5.Google Scholar
Snaydon, R. W. & Davies, M. S. (1982). Rapid divergence of plant populations in response to recent changes in soil conditions. Evolution 36, 289–297.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stemmermann, L. (1983). Ecological studies of Hawaiian Metrosideros in a successional context. Pacific Science 37, 361–373.Google Scholar
Stearns, H. T. (1985). Geology of the State of Hawaii, 2nd edn.Palo Alto: Pacific Books Publishers.Google Scholar
Swofford, D. L. & Selander, R. B. (1989). Biosys-1 a computer program for the analysis of allelic variation in population genetics and biochemical systematics. Illinois: Illinois Natural History Survey.Google Scholar
Venable, D. L. & Levin, D. A. (1983). Morphological dispersal structures in relation to growth form in the compositae. Plant Systematics and Evolution 143, 1–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wendel, J. F. & Parks, C. P. (1985). Genetic diversity and population structure in Camellia japonica L. (Theaceae). American Journal of Botany 72, 52–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wheeler, N. C. & Guries, R. (1982). Population structure, genie diversity, and morphological variation in Pinus contarta Dougl. Canadian Journal of Forestry Research 12, 595–606.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whittaker, R. H. (1975). Communities and Ecosystems. New York: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Witter, M. S. & Carr, G. D. (1988). Adaptive radiation and genetic differentiation in the Hawaiian silversword alliance (Compositae: Madiiane). Evolution 42, 1278–1287.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wright, S. (1965). The interpretation of population structure by F-statistics with special regard to systems of mating. Evolution 19, 395–420.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wright, S. (1977). Evolution and the genetics of populations, vol. 3, Experimental Results and Evolutionary Deductions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Wu, L. & Antonovics, J. (1976). Experimental ecological genetics in Plantago. II. Lead tolerance in Plantago lanceolata and Cynodon dactylon from a road side. Ecology 57, 205–208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yeh, F. C. (1988). Isozymic variation of Thuja plicata (Cupressaceae) in British Columbia. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 16, 373–377.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yeh, F. C. & Layton, C. (1979). The organization of genetic variability in central and marginal populations of lodgepole pine Pinus contarta spp. latifolia. Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 21, 487–503.CrossRefGoogle Scholar