Hostname: page-component-89b8bd64d-z2ts4 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2026-05-09T14:20:16.670Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Mouse endogenous X-linked genes do not show lineage-specific delayed inactivation during development

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 April 2009

Jeanne M. Lebon ,
Patrick P. L. Tam ,
Judith Singer-Sam ,
Arthur D. Riggs  and
Seong-Seng Tan
Jeanne M. Lebon
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, 1450 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010-0269, USA
Patrick P. L. Tam
Affiliation:
Embryology Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Locked Bag 23, Wentworthville, NSW 2145, Australia
Judith Singer-Sam*
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, 1450 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010-0269, USA
Arthur D. Riggs
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, 1450 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010-0269, USA
Seong-Seng Tan
Affiliation:
Embryology Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
*
* Corresponding author.
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the 'Save PDF' action button.

X chromosome inactivation (XCI) has been assumed to be complete in all cells of female mouse embryos at about 6 d post coitum (dpc). However, a recent study on β-galactosidase expression of an X-linked lacZ transgene suggests that XCI is probably not complete several days after this time in some lineages. To help resolve this issue, we analysed XCI in embryos which carry the T(X;16)16H (Searle's) translocation and are heterozygous at the X-linked Hprt and Pgk-1 genes. The quantitative RT-PCR single nucleotide primer extension (SNuPE) assay was used to measure Hprt and Pgk-1 allele-specific transcripts in embryos 9·5 dpc. No transcripts from the normal X chromosome were found in any of the tissues tested, indicating that inactivation was complete for these endogenous genes.

Information

Type
Short Paper
Information
Genetics Research , Volume 65 , Issue 3 , June 1995 , pp. 223 - 227
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1995

References

Boer, P. H., Adra, C. N., Lau, Y. F., & McBurney, M. W., (1987). The testis-specific phosphoglycerate kinase gene pgk-2 is a recruited retroposon. Molecular and Cellular Biology 7, 3107–3112.Google ScholarPubMed
Brockdorff, N., Ashworth, A., Kay, G. F, Cooper, P., Smith, S., McCabe, V. M., Norris, D. P., Penny, G. D., Patel, D., & Rastan, S., (1991). Conservation of position and exclusive expression of mouse Xist from the inactive X chromosome. Nature 351, 329–331.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Buzin, C. H., Mann, J. R., & Singer-Sam, J., (1994). Quantitative RT-PCR assays show Xist RNA levels are low in mouse female adult tissue, embryos, and embryoid bodies. Development 120, 3529–3536.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gartler, S. M., & Riggs, A. D., (1983). Mammalian X-chromosome inactivation. Annual Review of Genetics 17, 155–190.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grant, S. G., & Chapman, V. M., (1988). Mechanisms of X-chromosome regulation. Annual Review of Genetics 22, 199–233.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johnson, G. G., Kronert, W. A., Bernstein, S. I., Chapman, V. M., & Smith, K. D., (1988). Altered turnover of allelic variants of hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase is associated with N-terminal amino acid sequence variation. Journal of Biological Chemistry 263, 9079–9082.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lyon, M. F., Searle, A. G., Ford, C. E., & Ohno, S., (1964). A mouse translocation suppressing sex-linked variegation. Cytogenetics 3, 306–323.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McMahon, A., & Monk, M., (1983). X-chromosome activity in female mouse embryos heterozygous for Pgk-1 and Searle's translocation, T(X; 16)16H. Genetical Research, Cambridge 41, 69–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nozari, G., Rahbar, S., & Wallace, R. B., (1986). Discrimination among the transcripts of the allelic human bglobin genes, bA, bS and bC using oligodeoxynucleotide hybridization probes. Gene 43, 23–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ohno, S., & Lyon, M. F., (1965). Cytological study of Searle's X-autosome translocation in Mus musculus. Chromosoma (Berl.) 16, 90–100.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Orend, G., Kuhlmann, I., & Doerfler, W., (1991). Spreading of DNA methylation across integrated foreign (adeno-virus type 12) genomes in mammalian cells. Journal of Virology 65, 4301–4308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rastan, S., (1983). Non-random X-chromosome inactivation in mouse X-autosome translocation embryos — location of the inactivation centre. Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology 78, 1–22.Google ScholarPubMed
Singer-Sam, J., Chapman, V., LeBon, J. M., & Riggs, A. D., (1992). Parental imprinting studied by allele-specific primer extension after PCR: paternal X chromosome-linked genes are transcribed prior to preferential paternal X chromosome inactivation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 89, 10469–10473.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Singer-Sam, J., & Riggs, A. D., (1993). Quantitative analysis of messenger RNA levels: reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction single nucleotide primer extension assay. Methods in Enzymology 225, 344–351.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Singer-Sam, J., Robinson, M. O., Bellvé, A. R., Simon, M. I., & Riggs, A. D., (1990). Measurement by quantitative PCR of changes in HPRT, PGK-1, PGK-2, APRT, MTase, and ZFY gene transcripts during mouse spermatogenesis. Nucleic Acids Research 18, 1255–1259.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Takagi, N., (1980). Primary and secondary nonrandom X chromosome inactivation in early female mouse embryos carrying Searle's translocation T(X; 16)16H. Chromosoma 81, 439–459.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tam, P. P. L., Williams, E. A., & Tan, S. S., (1994 a). The expression of an X-linked HMG-lacZ transgene in mouse embryos: implication of chromosomal imprinting and lineage-specific X-chromosome activity. Developmental Genetics 15, 491–503.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tam, P. P. L., Zhou, X. S., & Tan, S. S. (1994 b). Xchromosome activity of the mouse primordial germ cells revealed by the expression of an X-linked lacZ transgene. Development 120, 2925–2932.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tan, S. S., & Tarn, P. P. L., (1993). X-chromosome inactivation in transgenic mice: studies at the single cell level. In Mammalian Sex Chromosomes and Sex-determining Genes (ed. Reed, K. C. and Graves, J. A. M.), pp. 265–278. Melbourne: Harwood Academic Pub.Google Scholar
Tan, S. S., Williams, E. A., & Tam, P. P. L., (1993). Xchromosome inactivation occurs at different times in different tissues of the post-implantation mouse embryo. Nature Genetics 3, 170–174.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed