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III.—A Chapter in the History of Meteorites: Continued from page 30
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 01 May 2009
Extract
A meteoric iron, weighing 407 tolas (about 10 lbs.), fell at Nidigullam, and penetrated the ground to the depth of twenty inches. Those who saw the meteor describe it as very large and beautiful, and as exhibiting increased brilliance when it burst. The explosion was followed by a series of rumbling noises. The meteorite passed over Parvatypore from N. to S.; the people of the village were greatly alarmed, and one man, near whom it fell, was stunned. The villagers “carried it off to their temple, and, much alarmed, were found making púja to it.” The author of the notice in the Proceedings considers that this aerolite contains no stony matter, and he states that it is marked with striæ lying obliquely to its greatest length, which is 6½ inches. The lamented Dr. Stoliczka, however, was of opinion, from the description of the striation, that it is a stone containing much iron, “like the Mooltan aerolite which fell some short time ago.”
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References
page 70 note 1 Saxton, G. H.. Proc. Asiat. Sot. Bengal, 1870, 64.Google Scholar—This fall is stated by MrGreg, , in the Report Brit. Assoc., 1870Google Scholar, to have taken place December 26th, 1869.
page 70 note 2 This is probably the meteorite of Lodran which fell 1st October, 1868 (see Part II.).
page 70 note 3 The second is that found at Prambanan, Soerakarta, Java, in 1865; if we include under the word ‘India’ not only the British possessions, bat the foreign settlements in the Indian Archipelago.
page 71 note 1 Blochmann, H., Proc. Asiat. Son. Bengal, 1869, 167.Google Scholar
page 71 note 2 This fall, in Mr. Greg's Catalogue, bears the date April 17th, 1620.
page 71 note 3 Compare with Mallet's experiments in forging the meteoric iron of Augusta County. (See page 28).
page 71 note 4 Rath, G. Vom. Monatsher. Ak. Wiss. Berlin, 1872, 27; Pogg. Ann., cxlvi. 474.Google Scholar
page 73 note 1 Smith, J. L.. Amer. Jour. Sc., 1870, xlix. 139.Google Scholar
page 73 note 2 Cox, E. T.. Amer. Jour. Sc., 1873, v. 155.Google Scholar
page 73 note 3 Tschermak, G.. Denkschrift Wien. Akad. Math. Naturw. Classe, xxxi. 187.Google Scholar—Ludwig, E.. Sitz. Wien. Akad., lxiii. 323.Google Scholar
page 74 note 1 Von Reichenbach distinguished four varieties of iron developed by etching: Balkeneisen, or kamacite; Bandeisen, or tänite; Fülleisen, or plessite; and Glanzeisen, or lamprite (Pogg. Ann., cxiv. 99).
page 75 note 1 Neumann, J. G.. Aus der Naturwiss. Abhandl. (Haidinger, W.), iii. Ab. 2, 45.Google Scholar
page 77 note 1 The following meteoric irons and siderolites from this region, several of which probably belong to one fall, have now been recorded; the greater number are preserved in some well-known collection, and have been submitted to examination.
(1). 1827. Siderolite (Brit. Mus. Coll.). Atacama, Bolivia.—Reported on by Bollaert, (Journ. Royal Geogr. Soc., xxi. 127)Google Scholar; and by Reid (Chambers' Jour., March 8, 1851), who places the locality in lat. 23° 30' S. and 45 to 50 leagues from the coast. According to R. A. Philippi (jahr. Min., 1855, 1), masses weighing 120 to 150 lbs. were found one league from Imilac, in the centre of the Atacama Desert. Imilac is 35 leagues from the coast, 40 leagues from Cobija, and 35 from Atacama. Rose places the locality in Chili. (In Stieler's Atlas, Atacama Mt. is in Bolivia; the Desert of Atacama, partly in Chili, partly in Bolivia; the Province of Atacama, in Chili; and Atacama Alta in Bolivia.) This will be the meteorite analyzed by Frapolli, and described by Bunsen in 1856, the metallic portion of which contains:
Fe=88·01; Ni=10·25; Co=0·70; Mg=0·22; Ca=0·13; Na=0·21; K=0·15; P=0·33 =100·00.
(2). 1858. Iron (Brit. Mus. Coll.). Atacama, Bolivia.
(3). 1862. Siderolite (Brit. Mus. Coll.). Sierra de Chaco, Desert of Atacama.—Rose places this in Chili, and the position of Chaco is stated to be lat. 25° 20' S. and long. 69° 20' W.; he (Ber. Berlin Akad., 1863, 30) could not develope etched figures on the nickel-iron, which had the composition: Fe=88'56; Ni=11·6; the meteorite resembles that found at Hainholz some years earlier.
(4). 1863. Siderolite (Brit. Mus. Coll.). Copiapo, Chili.—In the Amer. Jour. Sc. (1864) xxxvii. 243Google Scholar, C. A. Joy describes a siderolite from the Janacero Pass, 50 English miles from Copiapo, Province of Atacama, Chili. The spec, gravity of his specimen is 4–35, and it was composed of nickel-iron, troilite, and silicates. Smith, J. L. (Amer. Jour. Sc., xxxviii. 386)Google Scholar considers it to be identical with the Sierra di Chaco meteorite described by Rose (see No. 3). Captain Gilliss, of the United States Observatory at Washington, believes ‘Janacera’ may be a misprint for ‘Jarquera,’ the name of a river which rises in one of the Atacama passes.
(5). (No date). Siderolite (Brit. Mus. Coll.). Atacama, Bolivia.
(6). 1866. Iron (Brit. Mus. Coll.). Cordilleras of Atacama, Chili.—Daubreé, M. (Compt. rend., lxxvi. 569)Google Scholar describes a large iron, weighing 104 kilog., acquired in 1867 for the Paris Collection. It was found in November, 1866, on the west slope of the high Cordillera of the Andes, between the Rio Juncal and the Salt-works of Pedernal, 50 leagues N.E. of Paypote. (The difficulty of transporting heavy masses across such an arid region is very great; according to Dr. Phillippi (The Times, August 31st, 1874), it only rains about once in from 20 to 50 years.) This mass bears on the surface the systems of lines which Tschermak observed on the Ilimaë iron, and Damour finds them agree in composition. They are probably all members of the same aerolitic fall.
(7). (No date). Iron (Brit. Mus. Coll.). Sierra di Deesa, Chili.—Under this name Daubreé, M. has given (Compt. rend., lxxvi. 571)Google Scholar) a description of a brecciated iron from the cordillera of Deesa, near Santiago, acquired in 1867r It closely resembles the iron found in 1840 at Hemalga, in the Desert of Talcahuayo, in Chili. It contains 2–4 per cent, of silicate, which has been chemically examined by Meunier, . (Sitz. Wien Ak., lxi.)Google Scholar.
(8). 1866. Iron (Brit. Mus. Coll.). Juncal, Cordilleras of Atacama, Chili.
(9). 1864. Siderolite (Berlin Coll.). Atacama, 50 miles from Copiapo.—It appears probable from the rough description of the locality that this may be the same meteorite as the one mentioned under No. 4, although the dates do not correspond. In that case J. L. Smith's view of the identity in character of the meteorites will have to be extended to Nos. 3, 4, and 9.
(10). 1870. Iron (Vienna Coll.). Ilimaë, Desert of Atacama, Chili.
(11). (No date). Siderolite. Taltal, Desert of Atacama.—Domeyko, J. (Compt. rend., lviii. 551)Google Scholar describes some masses of considerable size on the high plateau of the Desert near the copper mine of Taltal, south of Imilac. The spec, gravity of a fragment was 5·64.
(12). 1863. Siderolite (Vienna Coll.). Copiapo, Chili.—Described by Haidinger, (Sitz. Wien Akad., xlix. 499)Google Scholar, as a coarsely granular brecciated meteorite. The nickel-iron, according to Von Bauer, consists of: Fe=93; Ni=6·4.
(13). 1859. Iron? Toconado, Desert of Atacama.—J. J. von Tschudi, writing under the above date to Haidinger, (Sitz. Wien Akad., xlix. 494)Google Scholar, mentions a meteoric mass, weighing 80 arobas (20 cwt.), which lies 20 leagues N.E. of Toconado. He states that it agrees in structure and appearance with the Atacama iron lying 50 leagues southward.
page 78 note 1 Rose, G.. Abdruck aus der Festschrift der Gesell. Naturforsch. Freunde zu Berlin, 33, Berlin: Dümmler, 1873.Google Scholar
page 79 note 1 Rose, G.. Aus Abhandl. Berl. Akad. Wiss., 1863–1870.Google Scholar—von Banmhauer, E. H.. Archiv. Néerland. des Sciences Exactes et Natur., ii. 377.Google Scholar