At the end of his monograph on the structure of Calamites, Prof. Williamson makes the following remark: —“I am disposed to regard all existing specific names and definitions as worthless. They separate things that I believe to be identical, and confound others that are obviously distinct.” The specimen described below affords an interesting example in support of this view.

It is unnecessary for me to remind the readers of the Geological Magazine of the evidence for elevation and subsidence. For my present purpose it is sufficient to remind them that suoh elevation and subsidence has been attributed (1) to lateral pressure giving rise to long geo-anticlines and geo-synclines; (2) to expansion and contraction of the underlayers resulting from a rise or a fall of temperature; and (3) to the loading and unloading of the areas of the earth's crust affected. Apparent elevation and subsidence, which we may here neglect, may be due to a rise or fall of the sea-level such as is dealt with by Prof. Hull in a recent communication to this Magazine.

Some time since a student of University College, Mr. J. Hale, of Ivy Hatch, brought to me specimens of an extremely hard green sandstone, which he informed me came from the Folkestone Sand stage near Ightham, in Kent. As the microscopic structure proved rather interesting, I lately visited the locality in his company, and had the additional advantage of being conducted by Mr. B. Harrison, of Ightham, so well known for his discoveries of palaeolithic implements and for his minute knowledge of the geology of the neighbourhood.

The following abstracts of early papers, on the Cefn Caves, throw a most interesting light on the sequence and method of occurrence of the deposits found at the Tremeirchion Caves, which are four miles east-north-east of them, and on the opposite side of the Elwy and Clwyd valley.

Many of the rocks of this district have been already described by the late Mr. E. B. Tawney, in a series of papers entitled “Woodwardian Laboratory Notes,” contributed to the Geological Magazine a few years ago. The following additional remarks are to a certain extent supplemental to the above-mentioned papers, and are founded on a microscopical examination of a large series of rocks, collected some few years ago during a brief visit to the Lleyn district.

Having devoted several weeks to the study of the magnificent collection of the remains of Ichthyopterygians preserved in the British Museum (Natural History), I purpose on this occasion to give a brief notice of some of the conclusions at which I have arrived, since a considerable interval will elapse before the publication of that part of the Museum “Catalogue of Fossil Eeptilia” in which my observations will be more fully recorded.

Geologists, who are again and again forced to deal with the most minute or fragmentary specimens, and who find it impossible to cultivate, during their surveys of the earth, the methods perfected by the mineralogist in his learned leisure, have fully recognized the importance of Prof. Szabó's tabulation of the flame-reactions of the felspars. Since the accuracy of the results obtainable depends largely upon the position of the mineral-particle in the flame, I venture to call attention to a form of support that has proved in practice as convenient and efficient as it is simple.

In a Memoir recently published “On the Fossil Fish Remains of the Tertiary and Cretaceo-Tertiary Formations of New Zealand” (Transactions of the Royal Dublin Society, vol. iv. ser. II. p. 11, pl. vi. fig. 22) there is described a small tooth as an immature example of Carcharodon angustidens, Ag. The specimen was included amongst a large number of others forwarded for examination by Sir James Hector, Director-General of the Geological Survey of New Zealand; it is a small tooth, exquisitely preserved, and does not exhibit any signs of abrasion by use, which led to its being provisionally considered as the tooth of a young shark, and its form and minutely serrated margin appeared to indicate that its relationship was with Carcharodon.