Active or recently-active, large-scale quarrying operations within the Carboniferous Limestone Series of this area, and ranging in location from the near-junction areas to points about half a mile removed from the southern boundary of the main littoral Trias outcrops, have afforded excellent sections displaying remnants of a former Triassic cover. It is considered unlikely that the latter outliers, of limited dimensions, occur in areas further removed than about one-third of a mile south of the existing limits of the main Triassic outcrops.

Valley fill exposed in chalk pits at Barrington consists of two beds, which differ markedly in lithology and in the nature of the molluscan fauna contained in them. The lower bed is thought to predate the Boulder Clay, which caps the high ground, and the upper bed is considered to have been derived from the Boulder Clay. The lower bed, a chalk solifluxion, apparently spread into the Cam valley and covered the famous Hippopotamus bed. Both the Hippopotamus bed and the present depth of the Cam valley, therefore, probably predate the Boulder Clay.

Eight spore types from Upper Carboniferous coals of Britain are described and figured, and their stratigraphical distribution and possible relationships are discussed. One new genus and five new species are instituted.

The Malvern ridge consists of a series of Pre-Cambrian fault-blocks, which have been thrust upwards into their present positions through an overlying cover of Cambrian, Silurian, and Lower Old Red Sandstone sediments. The formation of the narrow. localized belt of folds which lie immediately to the west of the Malverns is the result of the displacement of the Pre-Cambrian basement blocks.

Thin bands of fibrous calcite occur in the Carboniferous reef limestones of northern England and have been regarded as bands of primary tufa within a marine limestone series. A study of these fibrous bands has been carried out and the results show conclusively that they are in fact secondary recrystallization structures.

Growth and variation in a single species from a thin bed at one locality are examined statistically. The different dimensions are shown to be allometrically related both to each other and to the volume of the shell. It is argued that total width is the best measure of age of the individual and it is shown that at a certain width there is a break in the continuity of growth of the length and thickness.

A description is given of structural imperfections such as twinning, lineage sutures and optical streaks, in Alpine quartz crystals.

Though good examples of plunging cliffs surviving as such are now rare, this form of shoreline was probably commoner in the initial stages of the current (postglacial) cycle of marine erosion. Most cliffs now bordering the sea, whether developed from initially plunging cliffs or not, have already receded some distance from the initial shoreline.

As plunging cliffs may, because of reflection of waves from them, enjoy some immunity from direct frontal attack, the headlands which they truncate may be more vulnerable to marine erosion on the flanks, where the slopes partially submerged by shift of ocean level are less steep. Flank attack may lead to resection of the headland in such a way that eventually it will again end distally in a straight line of cliff; but at an intermediate stage of this resection cycle the terminations of headlands are characteristically scalloped, while at a penultimate stage of resection the salient of submaturity may be reduced to a row of stacks, the “needles” stage