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Burden of Clostridium difficile Infection in Long-Term Care Facilities in Monroe County, New York

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

Deepa Pawar ,
Rebecca Tsay ,
Deborah S. Nelson ,
Meena Kumari Elumalai ,
Fernanda C. Lessa ,
L. Clifford McDonald  and
Ghinwa Dumyati
Deepa Pawar*
Affiliation:
Center for Community Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
Rebecca Tsay
Affiliation:
Center for Community Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
Deborah S. Nelson
Affiliation:
Center for Community Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
Meena Kumari Elumalai
Affiliation:
Center for Community Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
Fernanda C. Lessa
Affiliation:
Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
L. Clifford McDonald
Affiliation:
Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
Ghinwa Dumyati
Affiliation:
Center for Community Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
*
Johns Hopkins Preventive Medicine Residency Program, 615 North Wolfe Street, Room WB602, Baltimore, MD 21205 (dpawar@jhsph.edu)
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Abstract

Background.

Long-term care facility (LTCF) residents are at increased risk of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). However, little is known about the incidence, recurrence, and severity of CDI in LTCFs or the extent to which acute care exposure contributes to CDI in LTCFs. We describe the epidemiology of CDI in a cohort of LTCF residents in Monroe County, New York, where recent estimates suggest a CDI incidence in hospitals of 9.2 cases per 10,000 patient-days.

Design.

Population-based surveillance study.

Setting.

Monroe County, New York.

Patients.

LTCF residents with onset of CDI while in the LTCF or less than 4 calendar-days after hospital admission from the LTCF from January 1 through December 31, 2010.

Methods.

We conducted surveillance for CDI in residents of 33 LTCFs. A CDI case was defined as a stool specimen positive for C. difficile obtained from a patient without a C. difficile-positive specimen in the previous 8 weeks; recurrence was defined as a stool specimen positive for C. difficile obtained between 2 and 8 weeks after the last C. difficile-positive stool specimen.

Results.

There were 425 LTCF-onset cases and 184 recurrences, which yielded an incidence of 2.3 cases per 10,000 resident-days (interquartile range [IQR], 1.2–3.3) and a recurrence rate of 1.0 case per 10,000 resident-days (IQR, 0.3–1.4). The cases occurred in 394 LTCF residents, and 52% of these residents developed CDI within 4 weeks after hospital discharge. Hospitalization for CDI occurred in 70 cases (16%). Of those cases that involved hospitalization for CDI, 70% were severe CDI, and 23% ended in death within 30 days after hospital admission.

Conclusion.

CDI incidence in Monroe County LTCFs is one-fourth the incidence among hospitalized patients. Approximately 50% of LTCF-onset cases occurred more than 4 weeks after hospital discharge, which emphasizes that prevention of CDI transmission should go beyond acute care settings.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology , Volume 33 , Issue 11 , November 2012 , pp. 1107 - 1112
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America 2012

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