Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-x24gv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-06T12:24:44.231Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Formation and Structure of Circumstellar Disks

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 April 2016

J.E. Bjorkman*
Affiliation:
Ritter Observatory, Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606-3390, USA

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Several theories have been proposed to explain the origin of Be star disks. Among them are Wind-Compressed Disks, accretion disks, decretion disks, and “explosive” ejections. In reviewing these mechanisms, I first concentrate on the current status of the Wind-Compressed Disk model. In particular, I discuss how non-radial forces may prevent disk formation and then discuss various physical effects that may restore the disk. Second, I examine the observational evidence and what it tells us about the structure of the disk. Of particular interest is evidence in favor of Keplerian disks. Finally, I discuss theories for Keplerian disk formation and some of the constraints such theories must satisfy.

Type
6. Disks
Copyright
Copyright © Astronomical Society of the Pacific 2000

References

Abbott, D.C. 1982, ApJ, 259, 282 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bjorkman, J.E. 1994, in IAU Symp., Pulsation, Rotation, and Mass Loss in Early-Type Stars, ed. Balona, L.A., Henrichs, H.F., & leContel, J.-M.(Dordrecht: Kluwer), 455 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bjorkman, J.E. 1997, in Stellar Atmospheres: Theory & Observations, Springer Lecture Notes in Physics, Vol. 497, ed. deGreve, J.-P., Blomme, R., & Hensberge, H. (Berlin: Springer), 239 Google Scholar
Bjorkman, J.E., Abbott, B.P., & MacFarlane, J.J. 2000 (in prep.)Google Scholar
Bjorkman, J.E., & Cassinelli, J.P. 1993, ApJ, 409, 429 Google Scholar
Cantó, J., Raga, A.C. 1991, ApJ, 372, 646 Google Scholar
Castor, J.I., Abbott, D.C., & Klein, R.I. 1975, ApJ, 195, 157 (CAK)Google Scholar
Chen, H., & Marlborough, J.M. 1992, ApJ, 397, 242 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, H., & Marlborough, J.M. 1994, ApJ, 427, 1005 Google Scholar
Chen, H., Marlborough, J.M., & Waters, L.B.F.M. 1992, ApJ, 384, 605 Google Scholar
de Araújo, F.X. 1995, A&A, 298, 179 Google Scholar
de Araújo, F.X., & de Freitas Pacheco, J.A. 1989, MNRAS, 241, 543 Google Scholar
de Araújo, F.X., de Freitas Pacheco, J.A., & Petrini, D. 1994, MNRAS, 267, 501 Google Scholar
Frank, J., King, A.R., & Raine, D.J. 1985, Accretion Power in Astrophysics (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press)Google Scholar
Friend, D.B., & Abbott, D.C. 1986, ApJ, 311, 701 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garmany, C.D., & Fitzpatrick, E.L. 1988, ApJ, 332, 711 Google Scholar
Grebel, E.K. 1997, A&A, 317, 448 Google Scholar
Grebel, E.K., Richtler, T., & de Boer, K.S. 1992, A&A, 254, L5 Google Scholar
Hanuschik, R.W. 1988, A&A, 190, 187 Google Scholar
Hanuschik, R.W. 1995, A&A, 295, 423 Google Scholar
Hanuschik, R.W. 1996 A&A, 308, 170 Google Scholar
Hanuschik, R.W., Kozok, J.R., & Kaiser, D. 1988, A&A, 189, 147 Google Scholar
Harmanec, P. & Kříž, S. 1976, in IAU Symp. 70, Be and Shell Stars, ed. Slet- tebak, A., (Dordrecht: Reidel), 3 Google Scholar
Huang, S.-S. 1976, PASP, 88, 448 Google Scholar
Hummel, W., & Hanuschik, R.W. 1997, A&A, 320, 852 Google Scholar
Ignace, R., Cassinelli, J.P., & Bjorkman, J.E. 1996, ApJ, 459, 671 Google Scholar
Kato, S. 1983, PASJ, 35, 249 Google Scholar
Keller, S.C., Wood, P.R., & Bessell, M.S. 1999, A&AS, 134, 489 Google Scholar
Koninx, J.P.M. 1992, in ASP Conf. Ser. 22, Nonisotropic and Variable Outflows from Stars, ed. Drissen, L., Leitherer, C., & Nota, A. (San Francisco: ASP), 98 Google Scholar
Koninx, J.P.M., & Hearn, A.G. 1992, A&A, 263, 208 Google Scholar
Kroll, P., & Hanuschik, R.W. 1997 in IAU Colloq. 163, ASP Conf. Ser. 121, Accretion Phenomena and Related Outflows, ed. Wickramasinghe, D.T., Bicknell, G.V., & Ferrario, L. (San Francisco: ASP), 494 Google Scholar
Kroll, P. 1998, Ph.D. thesisGoogle Scholar
Lamers, H.J.G.L.M., & Pauldrach, A.W.A. 1991, A&A, 244, L5 Google Scholar
Lee, U. 1993, ApJ, 417, 697 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, U., Saio, H., & Osaki, Y. 1991, MNRAS, 250, 432 Google Scholar
MacFarlane, J.J., et al. 1993, ApJ, 419, 813 Google Scholar
Maeder, A., Grebel, E.K., & Mermilliod, J.-C. 1999, A&A, 346, 459 Google Scholar
Maeder, A., & Meynet, G. 1989, A&A, 210, 155 Google Scholar
Marlborough, J.M., Chen, H., & Waters, L.B.F.M. 1993, ApJ, 408, 646 Google Scholar
Mazalli, P.A., et al. 1996, A&A, 316, 173 Google Scholar
Mennickent, R.E., Sterken, C., & Vogt, N. 1997, A&A, 326, 1167 Google Scholar
Mennickent, R.E., et al. 1994, A&AS, 106, 427 Google Scholar
Okazaki, A.T. 1991, PASJ, 43, 75 Google Scholar
Okazaki, A.T. 1996, PASJ, 48, 305 Google Scholar
Osaki, Y. 1986 PASP, 98, 32 Google Scholar
Owocki, S.P., Cranmer, S.R., & Blondin, J.M. 1994, ApJ, 424, 887 (OCB)Google Scholar
Owocki, S.P., Cranmer, S.R., & Gayley, K.G. 1996, ApJ, 472, L115(OCG)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Papaloizou, J.C., Savonije, G.J., & Henrichs, H.F. 1992, A&A, 265, L45 Google Scholar
Pauldrach, A.W.A., & Puls, J. 1990, A&A, 237, 409 Google Scholar
Poe, C.H. 1987, Ph.D. thesis (Univ. Wisconsin)Google Scholar
Poe, C.H., & Friend, D.B. 1986, ApJ, 311, 317 Google Scholar
Pols, O.R., et al. 1991, A&A, 241, 419 Google Scholar
Porter, J.M. 1996, MNRAS, 280, L31 Google Scholar
Porter, J.M. 1997, A&A, 324, 597 Google Scholar
Porter, J.M., & Drew, J.E. 1995, A&A, 296, 761 Google Scholar
Porter, J.M., & Skouza, B.A. 1999, A&A, 344, 205 Google Scholar
Prinja, R.K. 1989, MNRAS, 241, 721 Google Scholar
Quirrenbach, A., et al. 1997, ApJ, 479, 477 Google Scholar
Rivinius, Th., et al. 1998a, A&A, 333, 125 Google Scholar
Rivinius, Th., et al. 1998b, A&A, 336, 177 Google Scholar
Shakura, N.I., Sunyaev, R.A. 1973, A&A, 24, 337 Google Scholar
Snow, T.P. 1981, ApJ, 251, 139 Google Scholar
Springmann, U.W.E., & Pauldrach, A.W.A. 1992, A&A, 262, 515 Google Scholar
Telting, J.H., et al. 1994, A&A, 288, 558 Google Scholar
Telting, J.H., et al. 1998, MNRAS, 296, 785 Google Scholar
Van Bever, J., & Vanbeveren, D. 1997, A&A, 322, 116 Google Scholar
von Zeipel, H. 1924, MNRAS, 84, 665 Google Scholar
Waters, L.B.F.M. 1986, A&A, 162, 121 Google Scholar
Waters, L.B.F.M., Coté, J., & Lamers, H.J.G.L.M. 1987, A&A, 185, 206 Google Scholar
Wood, K., Bjorkman, K.S., & Bjorkman, J.E. 1997, ApJ, 477, 926 Google Scholar
Zaal, P.A., et al. 1997, A&A, 326, 237 Google Scholar