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Survey of Observational Techniques and Hipparcos Reanalysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 April 2016

Jan Vondrák ,
Cyril Ron  and
Ivan Pešek
Jan Vondrák
Affiliation:
Astronomical Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Boční II, 141 31 Prague 4, Czech Republic
Cyril Ron
Affiliation:
Astronomical Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Boční II, 141 31 Prague 4, Czech Republic
Ivan Pešek
Affiliation:
Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University, Thákurova 7, 166 29 Prague 6, Czech Republic

Abstract

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Polar motion and Universal Time have been regularly determined since 1899 and 1956, respectively, at a number of observatories all over the world. Before the International Earth Rotation Service (IERS) was established in 1988, the classical astrometry instruments such as visual zenith-telescopes, PZTs, transit instruments, astrolabes etc. were used. The survey of all these instruments and the methods of observation used is described. The values of instantaneous latitude and UT0-UTC made at a set of selected observatories and based on individual star observations have been collected at the Astronomical Institute in Prague during the past years. They were recalculated using the most recent astronomical standards and the Hipparcos Catalogue, and used to determine the Earth orientation parameters (polar motion, celestial pole offsets and Universal Time). The most recent solution, based on about 4.5 million observations with 47 different instruments at 33 observatories, is described and the results of polar motion presented.

Type
Part 3. Observational Techniques for Polar Motion
Information
International Astronomical Union Colloquium , Volume 178: Polar Motion: Historical and Scientific Problems , 2000 , pp. 237 - 250
Copyright
Copyright © Astronomical Society of the Pacific 2000

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