Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-zzh7m Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-30T02:48:42.040Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Control of Dacus oleae, a major pest of olives

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

T. Manousis  and
N. F. Moore
T. Manousis
Affiliation:
Natural Environment Research Council, Institute of Virology, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3SR
N. F. Moore
Affiliation:
Natural Environment Research Council, Institute of Virology, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3SR
Get access

Abstract

Dacus oleae (Gmelin) is a major pest of the olive tree Olea europea causing early fruit drop, ‘sting’ damage to table olives and substantial decreases in the quantity and quality of oil. This review describes the control strategies being developed and in current use—biological, trapping methods, sterile insect release, chemical insecticides, growth regulators and integrated control. Present problems and the implications of the controlling regimes on the disturbance of the agroecosystem are presented. Emphasis is given to newer methods which should be characterized by their specificity and effectivity.

Résumé

Dacus oleae (Gmelin) est un insecte principal de l'olivier qui occasionne un égrènement précoce des fruits, un endommagement des olives sous une forme de piqêres, un réduction de la quantité ainsi qu'une déterioration considérable de la qualité d'huile. Cette étude decrit les stratégies de contrôle qui sont utilisées ou en train d'être développées, les méthodes biologiques, de piegeage,—les insecticides, les régulateurs de croissance et le controle integré. Les problèmes actuels et les incidences des régimes de contrôle sur l'agroecosystème sont expliqués. Un accent spécial est mis sur les nouvelles méthodes qui pourraient s'avérer plus spécifiques et plus efficaces.

Keywords

Dacus oleaecontrolOlea europea (L.)Dacus oleaecontroleOlea europea (L.)
Type
Mini Review Article
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 8 , Issue 1 , February 1987 , pp. 1 - 9
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1987

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Al-Rouechdi, K., Lyon, J. P., Canard, M. and Fournier, D. (1980) Chrysopids (Neuroptera) collected in an olive grove in south-eastern France. Acta Oecol. Oecol. Appl. 1, 173–180.Google Scholar
Andres, F. de (1979) Integrated control in the olive grove. Agricult. Spain, 48, 569, 711–713, 716–717.Google Scholar
Arambourg, Y. (1979) Biological control of Prays oleae and Dacus oleae. IOBC/WPRS Bull. 2, 61.Google Scholar
Arambourg, Y. and Praiavorio, R. (1974) Ectophagous chalcid parasites of Dacus oleae. Ann. Inst. Phytopath. Benaki 11, 30–46.Google Scholar
Argentesi, F., Cavalloro, R. and Coladi, G. (1983a) A new theoretical approach to the control and management of fruit fly systems. Proc. Int. Symp. of CEC/IOBC on Fruit Flies of Economic Importance. Athens, Greece, Nov. 16–19, 1982, 297–306.Google Scholar
Argentesi, F., Cavalloro, R. and Coladi, G. (1983b) Population dynamic parameter estimation in fruit-flies pest systems. Proc. Int. Symp. of CEC/IOBC in Fruit Flies of Economic Importance. Athens, Greece, Nov. 16–19, 1982, 307–314.Google Scholar
Awadallah, A. and Nadim, A. L. (1970) The chemical control of the olive fruit-fly, Dacus oleae Gmel. in Kom-Oshim district (Fayoum Governorate) during 1963 and 1964 seasons (Diptera: Trypaneidae). Bull. Ent. Soc. of Egypt, Economic Series 4, 135–141.Google Scholar
Bagnoli, B. A., Balcari, A., Niccoli, A., Pucci, C., Quaglia, F., Ricci, C. and Salvi, F. (1982) On the economic advantage of direct treatments against the immature stages of Dacus oleae (Gmelin). Redia 65, 425–436.Google Scholar
Bagnoli, B., Ballatori, E., Belcari, A., Niccoli, A., Pucci, C., Quaglia, F. and Ricci, C. (1983) Analysis of catches of adults of Dacus oleae (Gmel.) effected with chromotropic traps. Redia 66, 645–660.Google Scholar
Baker, R. (1983) Problems and opportunities with pheromones. Proceedings of the 5th International Congress of Pesticide Chemistry, Kyoto, Japan, 29 August–4 September 1982, 67–76.Google Scholar
Baker, R., Miyamoto, J., Kearney, P. C., Doyle, P. and Fujita, T. (1983) Problems and opportunities with pheromones. Proceedings of the 5th International Congress of Pesticide Chemistry, Kyoto, Japan, 29 August–4 September 1982. 67–76. Pergamon Press, Oxford, U.K.Google Scholar
Ballatori, E., Bagnoli, B. and Pucci, C. (1984) Evolution of Dacus oleae (Gmel.) infestation on the olive canopy. Proceedings of a meeting of the EC expert's group. Parma, 26–28 October 1983, 157–165.Google Scholar
Barbagallo, S. (1978) Trends in plant pest control. Inf. Fitopatol. 28, 18–21.Google Scholar
Boiler, E. F. (1983) Biotechnical methods for the management of fruit fly populations. Proc. Int. Symp. of CEC/IOBC on Fruit Flies of Economic Importance. Athens, Greece, Nov. 16–19, 1982, 342–352.Google Scholar
Boiler, E. F. and Chambers, D. L. (1979) Concepts and approaches. Biological control of olive pests. IOBC/WPRS Bull. 2, 108–120.Google Scholar
Bono de, A. (1978) The use of protein bait-sprays against Dacus oleae in Calabria. Not. Mai. Piante, 53–56.Google Scholar
Brnetic, D. (1979a) Control of the olive fly (Dacus oleae Gmel.) with regard to protection of the environment and oil production. Poljopr. Sumar. 25, 3–16.Google Scholar
Brnetic, D. (1979b) The behaviour of laboratory populations of the olive fruit fly (Dacus oleae Gmel., Trypetidae) in the territory of the Kornati archipelago during the years 1973–1976. Zast. Bilja 30, 193–204.Google Scholar
Broumas, T., Soultanopoulos, C. and Laudeho, Y. (1977) Incidence of insecticide treatment on the entomofauna of a Greek olive grove. I. First results recorded by means of yellow water-traps. Rev. Zool. Agric. Path. Veg. 76, 7–14.Google Scholar
Broumas, T., Katsoyannos, P., Yamvrias, C., Strong, F., Liaropoulos, C. and Haniotakis, G. E. (1983) Control of the olive fruit fly in a pest management trial in olive culture. Proc. Int. Symp. of CEC/IOBC on Fruit Flies of Economic Importance. Athens, Greece, Nov. 16–19, 1982, 584–592.Google Scholar
Brunelli, A. (1978) New insecticides and acaricides. Int. Fitopat. 28, 22–23.Google Scholar
Bruni, U. and Caira, E. (1980) A trial on the control of olive pests in the Grosseto region. Inf. Fitopat. 30, 13–17.Google Scholar
Caballero Garcia de Vinuesa, J. I., Alvarado Cordobes, M., Astigarraga Valverde, E., Bernadez Villar, J. M. and Chacon Ortega, A. (1972) Test of the effectiveness of various insecticides applied in bait-sprays against the olive fly (Dacus oleae) in the Province of Seville, year 1971. Bol. Inf. Plagas 93, 25–45.Google Scholar
Cakici, M., Ercan, H. and Kaya, M. (1973) A chemical experiment against olive fly (Dacus oleae) damaging olive trees in the Aegean region. Plant Prol. Res. Ann. 7, 200 pp.Google Scholar
Carbo Saquer, J., Rippolles Moles, J. L. and Bricio Sanz, M. (1973) Aerial treatments against Dacus oleae in the Province of Tarragona during the years 1969, 1970, 1971 and 1972. Bol. Inf. Plagas 104, 59–75.Google Scholar
Carbone, G. (1983) Aircraft for the protection of olive in Calabria. Inf. Fitopat. 33, 26–30.Google Scholar
Casilli, O., Tarantino, L. and Gadaleta, G. (1976) Control experiments against the olive fly with poisoned protein baits. Inf. Fitopat. 26, 11–14.Google Scholar
Cavalloro, R. and Delrio, G. (1973) Radiosterilization of Dacus oleae Gmelin and prospects of control by means of the sterile male technique. Redia 54, 153–167.Google Scholar
Cavalloro, R. and Coladi, G. (1982) A mathematical simulation model for the monitoring of a population of Dacus oleae Gmel. Redia 65, 1–8.Google Scholar
Celik, M. Y. and Suzer, T. (1973) Chemical tests against olive fly (Dacus oleae) larvae in the southern Anatolia region. Plant Prot. Res. Ann. 7, 200 pp.Google Scholar
Cirio, U. and Vita, G. (1979) Fruit flies control by chemical attractants and repellents. lOBC/WPRS Bull. 2, 63–78.Google Scholar
Cirio, U. and Vita, G. (1980) Fruit fly control by chemical attractants and repellents. Boll. Lab. Ent. Agrar. “Filippo Sylvestri”, Portici, 37, 127–139.Google Scholar
Civantos, M. (1983) Report on the activities carried out in the control of Dacus oleae (Gmel.) by the “Service for Pest Control and Phytopathological Inspection” of the Ministry of Agriculture for Spain (SDPIF). Proc. Int. Symp. of CEC/IOBC in Fruit Flies of Economic Importance. Athens, Greece, Nov. 16–19, 1982, 628–631.Google Scholar
Crovetti, A. (1982) Research activity of the Institute of Agricultural Entomology. Ann. Fac. Agrar. Univ. Pisa, 42, 69–75.Google Scholar
Crovetti, A., Quaglia, F., Malfatti, P. and Conti, B. (1983a) Research on different methods for the evaluation of the level of olive-fruit fly infestation—results obtained in the experiments carried out in Tuscany in the biennium 1980–1982. Proc. Int. Symp. of CEC/IOBC in Fruit Flies of Economic Importance. Athens, Greece, Nov. 16–19, 1982, 330–336.Google Scholar
Crovetti, A., Quaglia, F., Loi, G., Rossi, E., Malfatti, P., Chesi, F., Conti, B., Belcari, A., Raspi, A. and Paparatti, B. (1983b) Influence of temperature and humidity on the development of the immature stages of Dacus oleae (Gmelin). Frustula Ent. 5, 133–166.Google Scholar
Delrio, G. (1983) The potential use of traps against Dacus oleae in olive groves. 10th International Congress of Plant Protection, 3. Proceedings of a conference held at Brighton, England, 20–25 November 1983, 101.Google Scholar
Delrio, G., Prota, R. and Uscidda, C. (1983a) Comparative tests between substances attractive to Dacus oleae Gmelin. Atti xii Congresso Nazionale Italiano di Entomoligia; Roma, 5–9 Novembre 1980. Vol. II. Rome, Italy; Accademia Nazionale Italiano di Entomologia, pp. 361–368.Google Scholar
Delrio, G., Prota, R., Economopoulos, A. P., Haniotakis, G. E. and Economopoulos, P. V. (1983b) Comparative study on food, sex and visual attractants for the olive fruit fly. Proc. Int. Symp. of CEC/IOBC in Fruit Flies of Economic Importance. Athens, Greece, Nov. 16–19, 1982: 465–472.Google Scholar
Economopoulos, A. P. (1972) Sexual competitiveness of X-ray sterilized males of Dacus oleae. Mating frequency of artificially reared wild females. Environ. Ent. 1, 490–497.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Economopoulos, A. P. (1977) Gamma-ray sterilization of Dacus oleae (Gmelin). Effect of nitrogen on the competitiveness of irradiated males. Z. Ang. Ent. 83, 86–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Economopoulos, A. P. (1979) Prospects for the control of Dacus oleae (Gmelin) (Diptera, Tephritidae) by methods that do not involve insecticides, the sterile insect release technique and olfactory and visual traps, integrated approach. IOBC/WPRS Bull. 2, 42–49.Google Scholar
Economopoulos, A. P. and Loukas, M. (1986) ADH Allele frequency changes in olive fruit flies shift from olives to artificial larval food and vice versa, effect of temperature. Ent. Exp. Appl. 40, in press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Economopoulos, A. P. and Papadopoulos, A. (1983) Wild olive fruit flies caught in sticky traps with odour, colour and combination of the two attractants. Redia 66, 409–416.Google Scholar
Economopoulos, A. P. and Stavropoulou-Delivoria, A. (1984) Yellow sticky rectangle with ammonium acetate slow-release dispenser: an efficient long lasting trap for Dacus oleae. Ent. Hell. 2, 17–23.Google Scholar
Economopoulos, A. P. and Zervas, G. A. (1982) The quality problem in olive flies produced for SIT experiments. Symp. on SIT and the use of Radiation in Genetic Insect Control. IAEA, STI/PUB/ 592, 357–368.Google Scholar
Economopoulos, A. P., Giannakakis, A. and Voyadjoglou, A. V. (1976a) Reproductive behaviour and physiology of Dacus oleae: Egg hatch in females mated successfully with normal and sterilized males and vice versa. Ann. Ent. Soc. Am. 69, 733–737.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Economopoulos, A. P., Voyadjoglou, A. V. and Galachtiou, C. G. (1976b) Reproductive behaviour and physiology of Dacus oleae Sperm depletion in the female. Ann. Ent. Soc. Am. 69, 730–732.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Economopoulos, A. P., Voyadjoglou, A. V. and Giannakakis, A. (1976c) Reproductive behaviour and physiology of Dacus oleae: Fecundity as affected by mating, adult diet, and artificial rearing. Ann. Ent. Soc. Am. 69, 725–729.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Economopoulos, A. P., Giannakakis, A., Tzanakakis, M. E. and Voyadjoglou, A. (1971) Reproductive behaviour and physiology of the olive fruit fly. 1. Anatomy of the adult rectum and odors emitted by adults. Ann. Ent. Soc. Am. 64, 1112–1116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Economopoulos, A. P., Avtzis, N., Zervas, G., Tsitsipis, J., Haniotakis, G., Tsiropoulos, G. and Manoukas, A. (1977) Experiments on the control of the olive fly, Dacus oleae (Gmel.) by the combined effect of insecticides and releases of gamma-ray sterilized insects. Z. Ang. Ent. 83, 201–215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, H. F. and Harrap, K. A. (1982) Persistence of insect viruses. (Edited by Mahy, B. J. W., Minson, A. C. and Darby, G. K.). Virus persistence Symposium 33 Society for General Microbiology Ltd, Cambridge University Press, 57–96.Google Scholar
Fenili, G. A. and Pegazzaro, F. (1971) Contribution to knowledge of the parasites of Dacus oleae Gmel. Studies carried out in Tuscany in the years 1967 and 1968. Redia 52, 1–29.Google Scholar
Ferrari, R. (1978) Experiment conducted in Tuscany with protein bait-sprays in the control of Dacus oleae. Notizi. Mal. Piante 57–62.Google Scholar
Fimiani, P. (1971a) Observations on the insect parasites of Dacus oleae Gmelin in the olive-growing areas of the shore and islands of the Gulf of Naples. Bollet. Lab. Entomol. Agrar. “Fillipo Silvestri” Portici, 29, 73–119.Google Scholar
Fimiani, P. (1971b) The current situation regarding biological control and the possibilities for its application to the problem of the olive. Annal. Facolta Sci. Agrar. Univ. degli Studi Napoli, Portici 5, 145–160.Google Scholar
Fiori, G. (1982) Second meeting on Dacus oleae (Gmel.) Perugia 5–6 March 1982. Frustula Ent. 4, 380 pp.Google Scholar
Fiori, G. (1983) Subproject No. 2 of the finalised project on chemicals for plant protection and growth regulation. Atti XII Congresso Nationale Italiano di Entomologia, Roma 5–9 Novembre 1980. II Rome, Italy, Academia Nazionale Italiana di Entomologia 349–357.Google Scholar
Fiori, G., Pucci, C. and Ballatori, E. (1983) Research on an optimal date for harvesting olives in a year with high levels of infestation by “Dacus oleae”. Proc. Int. Symp. of CEC/IOBC in Fruit Flies of Economic Importance. Athens, Greece, Nov. 16–19, 1982, 620–627.Google Scholar
Fiume, F. and Vita, G. (1977) The use of vegetation water from olive fruit for controlling Dacus oleae in the field. Bollet. Lab. Entomol. Agrar. “Filippo Sylvestri”, 34, 25–37.Google Scholar
Fletcher, B. S. and Economopoulos, A. P. (1976) Dispersal of normal and irradiated laboratory strains and wild strains of the olive fly Dacus oleae in an olive grove. Ent. Exp. Appl. 20, 183–194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fletcher, B. S. and Kapatos, E. T. (1983) The influence of temperature, diet and olive fruits on the maturation rates of female olive flies at different times of the year. Ent. Exp. Appl. 33, 244–252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Francke, W. (1982) Spiroacetals: a new widespread type of insect pheromones. Symposium International Versailles, 16–20 November, Paris, France 1981, 81–84.Google Scholar
Galo-Usciati, J. (1983) Successive modes of living and feeding strategies of the larvae of an entomophagous endoparasitoid Opius concolor Szepl. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). Bull. Soc. Zool. France 108, 415–22.Google Scholar
Gariboldi, P., Verotta, L. and Fanelli, R. (1983) Studies on the sex pheromone of Dacus oleae. Analysis of the substances contained in the rectal glands. Experientia 39, 502–505.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gariboldi, P., Jemmi, G., Rossi, R. and Vita, G. (1982) Studies on the chemical constitution and sex pheromone activity of volatile substances emitted by Dacus oleae. Experientia 38, 441–444.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Genduso, P. and Ragusa, S. (1970) Artificial biological control of the olive fly by means of Opius concolor siculus Mon, in Puglia in 1986. Boll, dell' Instil. Entomol. Agrar. e dell' Oss. Fitopatol. Palermo 1967/1968/1969, 7, 197–216.Google Scholar
Genduso, P. (1983) The population dynamics of Dacus oleae Gmel. in Sicily. Proc. Int. Symp. of CEC/IOBC in Fruit Flies of Economic Importance. Athens, Greece, Nov. 16–19, 1982, 483–489.Google Scholar
Ghilardi, G. (1984) A statistical analysis of experimental data due to evaluate the economic effectiveness of insecticide treatments against Dacus oleae (Gmel.). Proceedings of a meeting of the EC experts' group. Parma 26–28 October 1983, 119–122.Google Scholar
Girolami, V. (1978) Demo-ecological notes of Dacus oleae Gmelin. Not. Mai. Piante 11–25.Google Scholar
Girolami, V. (1979a) Studies on the biology and population ecology of Dacus oleae (Gmelin) 1. Influence of environmental abiotic factors on the adult and on the immature stages. Redia 62, 147–191.Google Scholar
Girolami, V. (1979b) Dacus oleae Gmelin response to variations of abiotic factors. IOBS WRPS Bull. 2, 129.Google Scholar
Girolami, V. (1982) Olive chemical compounds influencing fecundity of Dacus oleae. Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Insect—Plant Relationships, Wageningen, the Netherlands; 1–4 March 1982, 381–382.Google Scholar
Girolami, V., Strapazzon, A. and Gerloni de, P. F. (1983) Insect, plant relationships in olive flies: general aspects and new findings. Proc. Int. Symp. of CEC/IOBC in Fruit Flies of Economic Importance. Athens, Greece, Nov. 16–19, 1982, 258–267.Google Scholar
Guerin, P. M., Remund, U., Boiler, E. F., Katsoyannos, B. and Delrio, G. (1983) Fruit fly electroantennogram and behaviour responses to some generally occurring fruit volatiles. Proc. Int. Symp. of CEC/IOBC in Fruit Flies of Economic Importance. Athens, Greece, Nov. 16–19, 1982, 248–251.Google Scholar
Haniotakis, G. E. (1977) Male olive fly attraction to virgin females in the field. Ann. Zool. Ecol. Anim. 9, 273–276.Google Scholar
Haniotakis, G. E. and Galachtiou, C. G. (1973) Metepa sterilization on the olive fruit fly. J. Econ. Ent. 66, 55–61.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haniotakis, G. E., Mazomenos, B. E. and Tumlinson, J. H. (1977) A sex attractant of the olive fruit fly, Dacus oleae and its biological activity under laboratory and field conditions. Ent. Exp. Appl. 21, 81–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harrap, K. A. (1982) Assessment of the human and ecological hazards of microbial insecticides. Parasitology 84, 269–296.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hascoet, M. and Andre, L. (1978) Detection of decamethrin residues present in treated plants and soils. Phytiatr. -Phytopharm. 27, 85–98.Google Scholar
Iperti, G. (1983) Towards an improved integrated control in Mediterranean agro-systems treated simultaneously by fruit-flies and Homoptera. Proc. Int. Symp. of CEC/IOBC in Fruit Flies of Economic Importance. Athens, Greece, Nov. 16–19, 1982, 547–554.Google Scholar
Jones, O. T., Lisk, J. C., Howse, P. E., Baker, R., Montiel Bueno, A. and Ramos, C. (1983a) Mating disruption of the olive fruit fly (Dacus oleae) with the major component of its sex pheromone. Proc. Int. Symp. of CEC/IOBC in Fruit Flies of Economic Importance. Athens, Greece, Nov. 16–19, 1982, 500–505.Google Scholar
Jones, O. T., Lisk, J. C., Longhurst, C., Howse, P. E., Ramos, P. and Campos, M. (1983b) Development of a monitoring trap for the olive fly, Dacus oleae (Gmelin) (Diptera: Tephritidae) using a component of its sex pheromone as lure. Bull. Ent. Res. 73, 97–106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kapatos, E. T. and Fletcher, B. S. (1983a) An assessment of components of crop loss due to infestation of Dacus oleae in Corfu. Ent. Hell. 1, 7–16.Google Scholar
Kapatos, E. T. and Fletcher, B. S. (1983b) Establishment of economic injury levels for olive infestation by Dacus oleae in Corfu. Ent. Hell. 1, 37–45.Google Scholar
Kapatos, E. T. and Fletcher, B. S. (1983c) Seasonal changes in the efficiency of McPhail traps and a model for estimating fly densities from trap catches using temperature data. Ent. Exp. Appl. 33, 20–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kapatos, E. T. and Stavropoulou, E. T. (1984) Sampling techniques for olive pests. Proceedings of a meeting of the EC experts' group. Parma, 26–28 October 1983: 107–118.Google Scholar
Kapatos, E. T., Fletcher, B. S., Pappas, S. and Laudeho, Y. (1977) The release of Opius concolor and O. concolor var. silicus (Hym: Bracconidae) against the spring generation of Dacus oleae (Dipt: Trypetidae) on Corfu. Entomophaga 22, 265–270.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Katsoyannos, B. I. (1983) Captures of Ceratitis capitata and Dacus oleae flies (Diptera Tephritidae) by McPhail and Rebell colour traps suspended on citrus, fig and olive trees on Chios, Greece. Proc. Int. Symp. of CEC/IOBC in Fruit Flies of Economic Importance. Athens, Greece, Nov. 16–19, 1982: 451–456.Google Scholar
Laudeho, Y. and Canard, M. (1977) Some aspects of the studies carried out to assist the implementation of the biological control of olive pests in Greece. Biologia Gallo-Hellenica, Publ. 1978, 7, 181–201.Google Scholar
Lioselle, R. and Silva, G. M. (1983) Variations in the course of the year in the production of Dacus oleae in the laboratory: analysis and attempts at interpretation. Actas de I Congreso Iberico de Entomologia Leon. Cervicio de Publiciones de la Universidad de Leon. 389–397.Google Scholar
Louca, A. (1981) Annual report 1980, Department of Agriculture, Cyprus 141 pp.Google Scholar
Louca, A. (1984) Annual report of the Department of Agriculture for the year 1983. Nicosia, Cyprus; Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, p. viii 167 pp.Google Scholar
Louskas, C., Liaropoulos, C., Canard, M. and Laudeho, Y. (1980) Early summer infestation of olives by Dacus oleae (Gmel.) (Diptera, Trypetidae) and its control by the parasite Eupelmus urozonus Dalm. (Hymenoptera, Eupelmidae) in a Greek olive grove. Z. Ang. Ent. 90, 473–481.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manoukas, A. G. (1984) Comparison of composition of the larval food of the olive fruit fly in nature and in the laboratory. Meded. Fac. Landbouwwet. Rijksuniv. Gent. 49, 643–650.Google Scholar
Mazomenos, B. E. (1984) Effect of age and mating on pheromone production in the female olive fruit fly Dacus oleae (Gmel.). J. Insect Physiol. 30, 765–769.Google Scholar
Mazomenos, B. E. and Pomonis, J. G. (1983) Male olive fruit fly pheromone: isolation and lab. bioassays. Proc. Int. Symp. of CEC/IOBC in Fruit Flies of Economic Importance. Athens, Greece, Nov. 16–19, 1982, 584–592.Google Scholar
Mazomenos, B. E. and Haniotakis, G. E. (1985) Male olive fruit fly attraction to synthetic sex pheromone components in laboratory and field tests. J. Chem. Ecol. 11, 397–405.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mazomenos, B. E., Haniotakis, G. E., Ioannou, A., Spanakis, I. and Kozirakis, E. (1983) Field evaluation of olive fruit fly pheromone traps with various dispensers and concentrations. Proc. Int. Symp. of CEC/IOBC in Fruit Flies of Economic Importance. Athens, Greece, Nov. 16–19, 1982: 506–512.Google Scholar
Mestres, R. (1978) Decamethrin residues in edible plants. Phytiatr. Phytopharm. 27, 81–84.Google Scholar
Michelakis, S. E. and Neuenschwander, P. (1983) Estimates of the crop losses caused by Dacus oleae (Gmel.) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Crete, Greece. Proc. Int. Symp. of CEC/IOBC in Fruit Flies of Economic Importance. Athens, Greece, Nov. 16–19, 1982: 603–611.Google Scholar
Montiel Bueno, A. and Moreno Vazguez, R. (1982) Methods used in Spain to carry out bio-ecological studies on natural populations of Dacus oleae (Gmel.). Provisional results obtained in two years of work. Fitopatologica 8, 43–53.Google Scholar
Montiel Bueno, A., Ramos, P., Jones, O. T., Lisk, J. C., Howse, P. E. and Baker, R. (1982) Mating disruption of the olive fly (Dacus oleae Gmel.) with the major components of its sex pheromone. Fitopatologica 8, 193–200.Google Scholar
Neuenschwander, P. (1982a) Beneficial insects caught by yellow traps used in mass-trapping of the olive fly Dacus oleae. Em. Exp. el Appl. 32, 286–296.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neuenschwander, P. (1982b) Searching parasitoids of Dacus oleae (Gmel.) (Dipt. Tephritidae) in South Africa. Z. Ang. Ent. 94, 509–522.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neuenschwander, P. and Michelakis, S. (1980) Materials for the determination of economic thresholds for Dacus oleae (Gmel.) on oil olives in western Crete. Proc. Int. Syntp. of IOBC/WPRS on integrated control in agriculture and forestry. Vienna 8–12 October 1979, 560–561.Google Scholar
Neuenschwander, P., Michelakis, S., Mikros, L. and Mathioudis, M. (1980) Compensation for early fruit drop caused by Dacus oleae (Gmel.) (Diptera, Tephritidae) due to an increase in weight and oil content of the remaining olives. Z. Ang. Ent. 88, 514–525.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neuenschwander, P., Bigler, F., Delucchi, V. and Michelakis, S. (1983) Natural enemies of preimaginal stages of Dacus oleae Gmel. (Dipt., Tephritidae) in western Crete. I. Bionomics and phenologies. Boll. Lab. Entomol. Agrar. “Filippo Silvestri” 40, 3–32.Google Scholar
Niccoli, A. and Tiberi, R. (1982) Observations on the biological activity of sex attractants for Dacus oleae (Gmel.) and Prays oleae Bern. Relationship between catches and infestations. Redia 65, 405–423.Google Scholar
Orlando, C., Tarantino, L. and La Notte, F. (1974) The control of olive fly with poisoned protein bait. Frutticoltura 35, 33–36.Google Scholar
Orphanidis, P. S. (1976) Influence of olives immersed in solutions of a formulation of methoprene, a chemical analogue of a juvenile hormone of insects, on Dacus oleae (Gmel.). Ann. Inst. Phytopath. Benaki 11, 241–253.Google Scholar
Orphanidis, P. S. and Kalmoukos, P. K. (1979a) Insecticide mixtures as a means for improving protein hydrolysate baits used against the olive-fly (Dacus oleae Gmel.). Z. Ang. Zool. 66, 75–86.Google Scholar
Orphanidis, P. S. and Kalmoukos, P. K. (1979b) Improvement of protein hydrolysate baits against the olive-fruit fly (Dacus oleae (Gmel.)) by using insecticide mixtures. Ann. Inst. Phytopath. Benaki 12, 35–49.Google Scholar
Orphanidis, P. S. and Kapetanakis, E. G. (1979) Effect on the olive fly of spraying the olive trees with formulations of methoprene, an analogue of insect juvenile hormone. Ann. Inst. Phytopath. Benaki 12, 81–95.Google Scholar
Orphanidis, P. S., Patsakos, P. G. and Kalmoukos, P. E. (1966) Experience preliminaire en plein champ sur la chimiosterilisation d'adultes du Dacus oleae Gmel. Ann. Inst. Phytopathol. Benaki (Nouvelle Serie) 7, 177–190.Google Scholar
Orphanidis, P. S., Kapetanakis, E. G. and Petromichelaki, G. E. (1978) Treatments of olive trees with a formulation of methoprene, an insect juvenile hormone analogue, and their effectiveness against Dacus oleae (Gmel.) Meded. Fac. Landbouwwet. Rijksuniv. Gent. 43, 541–551.Google Scholar
Orphanidis, P. S., Mourikis, P. A., Kosirakis, E. Ch., Hardakis, J. and Economopoulos, P. (1973) Comparative evaluation of ultra-low and low-volume aerial bait sprays for the control of olive fruit fly (Dacus oleae (Gmel.)) Ann. Inst. Phytopath. Benaki 10, 307–319.Google Scholar
Panis, A. (1979) Integrated control in olive cultivation. Inf. Fitopat. 29, 27–28.Google Scholar
Panis, A. (1983) Biological control of the blackscale Saisselia oleae (Oliver) in the context of integrated control in French olive cultivation. Symbioses 15, 63–74.Google Scholar
Panis, A. and Pierart, J. (1977) Brown scale (Saisselia oleae) and sooty mould, and the integrated control of olive pests in France. Inf. Fitopat. 27, 25–27.Google Scholar
Parisetti, C. C. (1984) A Bayesian approach in the estimation of the abundance of an insect population. Proceedings of a meeting of the EC experts' group, Parma, 26–28 October 1983: 58–61.Google Scholar
Payne, C. C. (1982) Insect viruses as control agents. Parasitology 84, 35–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pelerents, C. (1980) The contribution of the European Community in the domain of integrated control. Proc. Int. Symp. of IOBC/WPRS on integrated control in agriculture and forestry. Vienna 8–12 October 1979: 383–386.Google Scholar
Polli, K. (1974) Plant protection in the olive plantations in Tunisia. Z. für Pflanzenkr. Pflanzenschutz 81, 705–710.Google Scholar
Prota, R. (1979) Introduction to the fruit fly situation in Sardinia. IOBS/WPRS Bull. 2, 5–15.Google Scholar
Prota, R. (1981) Current knowledge on Dacus control. Inf. Fitopat. 31, 19–36.Google Scholar
Prota, R. (1983) Evaluation and prospects of integrated control programmes. Proc. Int. Symp. of CEC/IOBC in Fruit Flies of Economic Importance. Athens, Greece, Nov. 16–19, 1982, 523–546.Google Scholar
Quaglia, F. and Crovetti, A. (1984) Data processing methods for the evaluation of dacic infestation level. Proceedings of a meeting of the EC experts' group. Parma 26–28 October 1983, 102–106.Google Scholar
Quaglia, F., Crovetti, A. and Rossi, E. (1983) Competitive comparison of the activity of five different traps for monitoring Dacus oleae (Gmelin) adults carried out under field conditions in Tuscany in 1980 and 1981. Proc. Int. Symp. of CEC/IOBC in Fruit Flies of Economic Importance. Athens, Greece, Nov. 16–19, 1982, 457–464.Google Scholar
Raspi, A. (1983) Preliminary considerations on the capture of useful insects by means of chemochromotropic traps in olive groves. Frustula Ent. 5, 103–109.Google Scholar
Remund, U., Boiler, E. F., Economopoulos, A. P. and Tsitsipis, J. A. (1977) Flight performance of Dacus oleae reared on olives and artificial diet. Z. Ang. Ent. 82, 330–339.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ricci, G., Fiori, G. and Ballatori, E. (1983a) Analysis of the relationship between infestation of olives and catches of adults of Dacus oleae (Gmel.) with chromotropic traps combined with sex pheromone. Atti XIII Congresso Nationale Italiano Entomolog. Turin, Italy; Instituto di Entomologia Agraria e Apicoltura, Universita di Torino, 645–651.Google Scholar
Ricci, G., Pucci, C., Bagnoli, B., Ballatori, E., Belcari, A., Niccoli, A. and Quaglia, F. (1983a) Catches of female Dacus oleae (Gmel.) with chromotropic traps and infestation of olives. Redia 66, 661–682.Google Scholar
Sandi, G. (1983) On the errors of infestation estimation. Frustula Ent. 5, 167–171.Google Scholar
Shoemaker, C. A., Huffaker, C. B. and Kennett, C. E. (1979) A systems approach to the integrated management of a complex olive pest. Environ. Ent. 8, 182–189.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Soultanopoulos, C. and Broumas, T. (1977) Comparative toxicity of insecticidal products to Eupelmus urozonus (Hym: Eupelmidae) and Dacus oleae (Dipt: Trypetidae). Entomophaga 22, 237–242.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Soultanopoulos, C. and Broumas, T. (1979) Effectiveness of different insecticides on Dacus oleae Gmel. Phytiatr.- Phytopharm. 28, 53–58.Google Scholar
Stavraki, H. G., Argyriou, L. C. and Yamvrias, C. (1980) On a programme of integrated control of the enemies of the olive tree in Greece. Proc. Int. Symp. of lOBC/WPRS on integrated control in agriculture and forestry. Vienna 8–12 October 1979, 574–577.Google Scholar
Tsiropoulos, G. J. (1985) Dietary administration of antivitamins affected the survival and reproduction of D. oleae. Z. Ang. Ent. 100, 35–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tsiropoulos, G. J. and Manoukas, A. G. (1977) Adult quality of Dacus oleae affected by larval crowding and pupal irradiation. Ann. Ent. Soc. Am. 70, 916–918.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tsitsipis, J. A. (1977a) Development of a caging and egging system for mass rearing of the olive fruit fly Dacus oleae (Gmel.) (Diptera, Tephritidae). Z. Ang. Ent. 83, 96–105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tsitsipis, J. A. (1977b) An improved method for the mass rearing of the olive fruit fly, Dacus oleae (Gmel.) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Z. Ang. Ent. 83, 419–426.Google Scholar
Tsitsipis, J. A. (1983) Optimization of a holigidic diet for the larvae of the olive fruit fly. Proc. Int. Symp. of CEC/IOBC in Fruit Flies of Economic Importance. Athens, Greece, Nov. 16–19, 1982, 423–428.Google Scholar
Tsitsipis, J. A. and Kontos, A. (1983) Improved solid adult diet for the olive fruit fly, Dacus oleae. Ent. Hellenica 1, 24–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tucci, A. (1978) First observations on the control of Dacus oleae Gmel. in Abruzzo by means of protein bait-sprays. Not. Mal. Piante, 63–65.Google Scholar
Tzanakakis, M. E. and Stavrinides, A. S. (1973) Inhibition of development of larvae of the olive fly, Dacus oleea (Dipera, Tephritidae) in olives treated with streptomycin. Ent. Exp. Appl. 16, 39–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tzanakakis, M. E., Prophetou, D. A., Vassilou, G. N. and Papadopoulos, J. J. (1983) Inhibition of larval growth of Dacus oleae by topical application of streptomycin to olives. Ent. Hellenica 1, 65–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Viggiani, G. (1977) Biological and integrated control. Naples, Italy, Liquori Editore viii + 709 pp.Google Scholar
Viggiani, G. (1980) Entomophagus species in integrated pest control. Bollet. Zool. 47, 409–417.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Viggiani, G. (1981a) Recent findings on integrated control in olive groves. Inf. Fitopatol. 31, 37–43.Google Scholar
Viggiani, G. (1981b) Integrated control in the olive grove. Note Divulgative, Instituto di Entomologia Agraria, Universita di Napoli, Portici. 19, 13 pp.Google Scholar
Viggiani, G. and Bianco, M. (1974) Repercussions of chemical treatments against Saissetia oleae (Oliv.) sull' entomofauna utile dell' olivo. Boll. Lab. Entomol. Agrar. “Filippo Silvestri”, 31, 99–104.Google Scholar
Vita, G., Cirio, U., Fedeli, E. and Jacini, G. (1977) The prospective use of natural substances present in the olive in Dacus oleae control. Bollet. Lab. Ent. Agrar. “Filippo Sivestri”. 34, 55–61.Google Scholar
Vita, G., Jommi, G., Gariboldi, P. and Rossi, R. (1979) Dacus oleae sex pheromone: isolation and partial chemical identification. IOBC/WPRS Bull. 2, 79–80.Google Scholar
Wharton, R. A. and Gilstrap, F. E. (1983) Key to and status of opiine braconid (Hymenoptera) parasitoids used in biological control of Ceratitis and Dacus s.l (Diptera: Tephritidae). Ann. Ent. Soc. Am. 76, 721–742.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, R. J. (1979) Genetic aspects of quality control in mass-reared insects. IOBC/WPRS Bull. 2, 102–104.Google Scholar
Yayla, A. (1983) Preliminary studies on olive pests and the establishment of their natural enemies in Antalya Province. Bitki Korunia Bul. 23, 188–206.Google Scholar
Zervas, G. A. (1982) A new long-life trap for olive fruit fly, Dacus oleae (Gmelin) (Dipt, Tephritidae) and other Diptera. Z. Ang. Ent. 94, 522–529.CrossRefGoogle Scholar