Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-x5gtn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-08T00:57:44.764Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Some nutritional requirements of the large milkweed bug Oncopeltus fasciatus*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

Jacques L. Auclair
Jacques L. Auclair
Affiliation:
Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
Get access

Abstract

Third- or fourth-stage nymphs of the large milkweed bug Oncopeltus fasciatus (Dallas) were maintained for 2–5 months on a chemically defined diet. Four or five per cent of either sucrose, glucose or melezitose gave better growth than 11 other sugars tested. The insect required the 10 amino acids usually recognized as essential for growth in other insect species. The dietary concentration of each essential amino acid was varied over a wide range of 6–12 or more times without affecting growth in a significant manner. Growth improved as the total amino acid concentration was increased from 0 to 1.2, 1.8, 2.4 and 3.6%, but a further increase to 4.8% did not result in an improved growth. Fifth-stage nymphs maintained on chemical diets moulted to the adult stage and laid eggs for several months; the average number of eggs per female was 62 on the 1.2%, 143 on the 2.4%, 131 on the 3.6%, and 69 on the 4.8% amino acid diets. No eggs were laid on a diet lacking amino acids. Growth and survival of nymphs reared singly on the diet were reduced as compared to that of nymphs reared in small groups. A quarter to half reduction in the concentration of the two major dietary salts, as well as a reduction in the pH from 7.0 to 6.0 or 5.0, or an increase to 8.0 improved growth.

Réumé

Des larves des troisieme et quatrième stades de la punaise de l'asclépiade Oncopeltus fasciatus (Dallas) ont survécu de 2 à 5 mois sur un régime nutritif de base chimiquement défini. Sur 14 glucides étudiés, la croissance larvaire a été meilleure sur un régime contenant 4–5% de saccharose, glucose ou mélézitose. Dix acides aminés se sont avérés essentiels pour la croissance de O. fasciatus, mais la concentration de chacun de ces composés dans le régime a pu varier de 6 à 12 fois ou plus de celle du régime de base sans affecter la croissance de façon significative. Cependant, la croissance s'est améliorée graduellement avec une augmentation de la teneur totale en acides aminés du regime de 0 à 1.2, 1.8, 2.4 et 3.6%, mais une augmentation subséquente à 4.8% n'a pas résulté en une croissance accrue. Des larves du cinquième stade maintenues sur le régime de base ont donné des adultes qui ont pondu des oeufs durant plusieurs mois; le nombre d'oeufs moyen produit par femelle a été de 62 sur un régime contenant 1.2% d'acides aminés, 143 sur 2.4%, 131 sur 3.6% et 69 sur 4.8% d'acides aminés. En l'absence de ces composés dans le régime alimentaire, la ponte a été nulle. La croissance et la survie des larves maintenues isolées sur le régime de base ont été moindres que celles des larves groupées. Une réduction du quart ou de la moitié dans la concentration des deux sels minéraux majeurs du régime, ainsi qu'une réduction du pH (qui était de 7.0 dans le régime de base) à 6.0 ou 5.0, ou une augmentation à pH 8. ont résulté en une croissance améliorée.

Keywords

Oncopeltus fasciatusnutritionchemically defined dietsOncopeltus fasciatusnutritionrégimes chimiquement définis
Type
Research Articles
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 3 , Issue 2-3 , September 1982 , pp. 173 - 179
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1982

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Andre, F. (1934) Notes on the biology of Oncopeltus fasciatus (Dallas). Iowa St. Coll. J. Sci. 9, 73–87.Google Scholar
Auclair, J. L. (1965) Feeding and nutrition of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Homoptera: Aphidae) on chemically defined diets of various pH and nutrient levels. Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 58, 855–875.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Auclair, J. L. (1967) Effects of light and sugars on rearing the cotton aphid. Aphis gossypii, on a germ free and holidic diet. J. Insect Physiol. 13, 1247–1268.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Auclair, J. L. and Patton, R. L. (1950) On the occurrence of D-alanine in the haemolymph of the milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus. Revue can. Biol. 9, 3–8.Google ScholarPubMed
Auclair, J. L. and Raulston, J. R. (1966) Feeding of Lygus hesperus (Hemiptera:Miridae) on a chemically defined diet. Ann. ent. Soe. Am. 59, 1016–1017.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Auclair, J. L., Srivastava Shanta, T. and Srivastava, P. N. (1973) Utilization of sugars by the large milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus (Hemiptera:Lygaeidae) maintained on chemically defined diets. Entomologia exp. appl. 16, 525–540.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beck, S. D., Edwards, C. A. and Medler, J. T. (1958) Feeding and nutrition of the milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus (Dallas). Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 51, 283–288.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bongers, J. (1968) Subsozialphänomene bei Oncopeltus fasciatus Dall. (Heteroptera, Lygaeidae). Insectes soc. 15, 309–317.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bongers, J. and Eggermann, W. (1971) Der Einfluss des Subsozialverhaltens der spezialisierten Samensauger Oncopeltus fasciatus Dall. und Dysdercus fasciatus Sign, auf ihre Ernährung. Oecologia. Berl. 6, 293–302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corrigan, J. J. and Srinivasan, N. G. (1966) The occurrence of certain D-amino acids in insects. Biochemistry 5, 1185–1190.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dadd, R. H. (1973) Insect nutrition: current developments and metabolic implications. A. Rev. Ent. 18, 381–420.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dadd, R. H. and Mittler, T. E. (1966) Permanent culture of an aphid on a totally synthetic diet. Experientia 22, 832–833.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dagnelie, P. (1970) Théorie et méthodes statistiques. Vol. 2. Les méthodes de l'inférence statistique. Editions J. Duculot, S. A., Gembloux.Google Scholar
Feir, D. (1963) Effects of rearing alone and in groups on the growth of the milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae). Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 56, 406–407.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feir, D. (1974) Oncopeltus fasciatus: a research animal. A. Rev. Ent. 19, 81–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feir, D. and Beck, S. D. (1963) Feeding behaviour of the large milkweed bug. Oncopeltus fasciatus. Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 56, 224–229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fife, J. M. and Frampton, V. L. (1936) The pH gradient extending from the phloem into the parenchyma of the sugar beet and its relation to the feeding behaviour of Eutettix tenellus. J. agric. Res. 53, 581–593.Google Scholar
Gordon, H. T. (1974) Carbohydrate utilization and phagostimulation in Oncopeltus fasciatus. Entomologia exp. appl. 17, 450–451.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kutcher, S. R. (1971) Two types of aggregation grouping in the large milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae). Bull. Sth. Calif. Acad. Sci. 70, 87–90.Google Scholar
Ralph, C. P. (1976) Natural food requirements of the large milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus (Hemiptera lygaeidae), and their relation to gregariousness and host plant morphology. Oecologia, Berl. 26, 157–175.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sauer, D. and Feir, D. (1973) Studies on natural populations of Oncopeltus fasciatus (Dallas), the large milkweed bug. Am. Midl. Nat. 90, 13–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scheel, C. A., Beck, S. D. and Medler, J. T. (1958) Feeding and nutrition of certain Hemiptera. In Proc. lOth Intern. Congr. Ent., Montréal (1956), Vol. 2, pp. 303–308.Google Scholar
Slansky, F. Jr, (1980) Effect of food limitation on food consumption and reproductive allocation by adult milkweed bugs. Oncopeltus fasciatus. J. Insect Physiol. 26, 79–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Srinivasan, N. G., Corrigan, J. J. and Meister, A. (1962) D-Serine in the blood of the silkworm Bombyx mori and other Lepidoptera. J. biol. Chem. 237, PC3844–PC3845.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Srivastava, P. N. and Auclair, J. L. (1970) Responses of the large milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) to chemically defined diets. Entomologia exp. appl. 13, 208–216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Srivastava Shanta, T. and Auclair, J. L. (1973) Carbohydrases in the alimentary canal of the large milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae). Entomologia exp. appl. 16, 301–304.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trudel-Levesque, C. (1978) Besoins qualitatifs et quantitatifs en acides aminés chez la punaise de l'asclépiade, Oncopeltus fasciatus (Dallas) (Hemiptera:Lygaeidae). Thèse de doctorat, Université de Montréal, Canada.Google Scholar
Ziegler, H. (1975) II. Nature of substances in phloem. 3. Nature of transported substances. In Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology (Ed. by Zimmermann, M. H. and Milburn, J. A.), New Series. Vol. 1, pp. 59–100. Springer, New York.Google Scholar