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Is Globalization Undermining Civilizational Identities? A Test of Huntington's Core State Assumptions among the Publics of Greater Asia and the Pacific

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 November 2012

CHRISTIAN COLLET  and
TAKASHI INOGUCHI
CHRISTIAN COLLET
Affiliation:
International Christian University, Tokyocollet@icu.ac.jp
TAKASHI INOGUCHI
Affiliation:
Professor Emeritus of the University of Tokyo and President of the University of Niigata Prefectureinoguchi@ioc.u-tokyo.ac.jp
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Abstract

Samuel Huntington's influential clash of civilizations hypothesis (Huntington, 1993; Huntington, 1996) has been widely debated, but empirical tests of his ideas about core states remain limited at the micro-level. In this paper, we bring new evidence to bear, focusing on the ‘cauldron of civilizations’: Greater Asia and the Pacific. Using the AsiaBarometer, we examine the extent to which publics in the region identify with the core states of the supposedly most contentious civilizations in the region – the US, China, and Iran – and the factors that influence those perceptions. We give attention to the role of globalization and nationalism and whether both may be subsumed by religiosity as Huntington suggests. Our descriptive evidence affirms some of the tensions between the US, China, and Islamic-predominant Asia identified by Huntington as areas of potential conflict. At the same time, we find no evidence to suggest that attitudes toward core states are zero-sum; Asian publics often see rival powers as mutually good influences. Using multivariate analysis, we find that religiosity, as the clash paradigm surmises, boosts Iranian influence and undermines American influence in several predominantly Islamic states. We also find, contrary to Huntington, that overall exposure to foreign cultures leads to a more positive assessment of American influence among Chinese and Pakistanis, as well as American perceptions of China. When foreign exposure influences perceptions of Iran, the effect is modestly, but consistently, negative. Taken together, the findings raise questions about two key assumptions of the Huntington framework – civilizational identity formation and cultural resurgence – and suggest that alternative approaches in recent civilizations literature show greater empirical promise.

Type
Research Article
Information
Japanese Journal of Political Science , Volume 13 , Special Issue 4: Soft Power of Civil Society in International Relations , December 2012 , pp. 553 - 585
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2012

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