Hostname: page-component-54dcc4c588-xh45t Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-09-30T03:07:12.276Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The digestion by cattle of barley and silage diets containing increasing quantities of soya-bean meal

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 March 2009

J. A. Rooke ,
P. Alvareza  and
D. G. Armstrong
J. A. Rooke
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural Biochemistry and Nutrition, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, NEl 1RTJ
P. Alvareza
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural Biochemistry and Nutrition, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, NEl 1RTJ
D. G. Armstrong
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural Biochemistry and Nutrition, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, NEl 1RTJ
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

A 4 x 4 latin-square design experiment was carried out to determine the effects of increasing nitrogen (N) intake by feeding diets containing increasing amounts of soyabean meal upon the digestion of organic matter (OM) and N by cattle equipped with rumen and duodenal cannulae. A basal diet (B) containing 600 g ground barley and 400 g grass silage/kg diet and three diets (BS1, BS2 and BS3) in which increasing amounts of the barley were replaced by soya-bean meal were fed. The mean daily intakes of OM and N when each diet was fed were 4·56, 4·55, 4·30 and 4·52 kg OM and 920, 114·7, 138·3 and 164·1 g N for diets B, BSl, BS2 and BS3 respectively.

Neither the amounts of OM entering the small intestine nor those voided in the faeces were altered by the diets fed. Thus the mean apparent OM digestibility for all the diets fed was 0·74 + 0·013 and the proportion of digestible OM intake apparently digested in the rumen was 0·77 + 0048.

Mean daily concentrations of ammonia N in the rumen were significantly (P < 0·001) increased from 38 mg N/l (diet B) to 129 mg N/l (diet BS3) as N intake increased.

The quantities of non-ammonia N and of amino acid N entering the small intestine were not significantly (P >0·05) increased as more soya-bean meal was added to the diet, although diet BSl supported the greatest flows of N to the small intestine. Thus as more soya-bean meal was added to the diet there were increasing net losses of nonammoniaN(P < 0·01) and amino acid N (P < 0·01) prior to the small intestine. Faecal N excretion was not increased (P > 0·05) as soya-bean meal intake increased and thus apparent N digestibility was significantly (P < 0·01) increased by increasing soyabean intake.

Both the quantities of microbial N entering the small intestine daily and the apparent efficiency of microbial N synthesis within the rumen were increased when diet BSl was fed in comparison with the basal diet (B) and then declined when diets BS2 and BS3 were fed; these increases were not significant. The quantities of feed N entering the small intestine daily were not significantly (P > 0·05) increased as soya-bean meal intake increased; thus apparent feed N degradability in the rumen was significantly (P < 0·01) increased as soya-bean meal intake increased. In contrast, the rates of disappearance of N from each of the components of the diets fed, when incubated in the rumens of the cattle in porous synthetic fibre-bags, were not increased (P > 0·05) as soya-bean meal intake increased.

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 107 , Issue 2 , October 1986 , pp. 263 - 272
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1986

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Agricultural Research Council (1980). The Nutrient Requirements of Ruminant Livestock. Slough: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux.Google Scholar
Agricultural Research Council (1984). The Nutrient Requirements of Ruminant Livestock Supplement No. 1 Slough: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux.Google Scholar
Böttcher, W. (1982). Gas-chromatographische Analytik von Milchsäuro und Flüehtigen Fettsauron und Alkoholon in Wäissriger Lösung. Archiv fur Tierernahrung 32, 287–304.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brett, P. A., Almond, M., Harrison, D. G., Rowlinson, P., Rooke, J. A. & Armstrong, D. G. (1979). An attempted evaluation of the proposed ARC protein system with reference to the lactating cow. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 38, 148A.Google Scholar
Kang-Meznarich, J. D. & Broderick, G. A. (1981). Effect of incremental urea supplementation on ruminal ammonia concentration and bacterial protein formation. Journal of Animal Science 51, 422–431.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McMeniman, N. P. & Armstrong, D. G. (1979). The flow of amino acida into the small intestine of cattle when fed heated and unheated beans (Vicia faba). Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 93, 181–188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mehrez, A. Z., ørskov, E. R. & McDonald, I. (1977). Rates of rumen fermentation in relation to ammonia concentration. British Journal of Nutrition 38, 437–443.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Foon (1975). Energy allowances and feeding systems for ruminants. Technical Bulletin no. 33. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.Google Scholar
ørskov, E. R. & McDonald, I. (1979). The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 92, 499–503.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ortega, M. E., Stern, M. D. & Satter, L. D. (1979). The effect of rumen ammonia concentration on dry matter disappearance in situ. Journal of Dairy Science 62, Supplement 1, 76.Google Scholar
Pisulewski, P. M., Okorie, A., Buttery, P., Haresign, W. & Lewis, O. (1981). Ammonia concentration and protein synthesis in the rumen. Journal of the the Science of Food and Agriculture 32, 759–766.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ridqman, W. J. (1975). Experimentation in Biology. Glasgow and London: Blackie.Google Scholar
Rooke, J. A. & Armstrong, D. G. (1983). Degradability of feed proteins; the relationship between in vivo and in sacco measurements. In Protein Metabolism and Nutrition (ed. Arnal, M., Pion, R. and Bonin, D.). Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium of the European Association for Animal Production II, pp. 235–238. Paris: INRA.Google Scholar
Rooke, J. A., Brett, P. A., Ovebbnd, M. A. & Armstrong, D. G. (1985). The energetic efficiency of rumen microbial protein synthesis in cattle fed silage-based diets. Animal Feed Science and Technology 13, 255–267.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rooke, J. A., Brookes, I. M. & Armstrong, D. G. (1983). The digestion of untreated and formaldehydetreated soya-bean and rapeseed meals by cattle fed a basal silage diet. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 100, 329–342.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rooke, J. A., Greife, H. A. & Armstrong, D. G. (1985). The digestion by heifers of silage-containing diets fed at two dry matter intakes. 1. Digestion of organic matter and nitrogen. British Journal of Nutrition 53, 691–708.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rooke, J. A., Overend, M. A. & Armstrong, D. G. (1986). The effects upon rumen microbial protein synthesis of giving sheep diets of rolled barley and hay supplemented with increasing quantities of soyabean meal. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 106, 635–638.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ross, G. J. S. (1980). Maximum Likelihood Program. Rothamsted: Rothamsted Experimental Station.Google Scholar
Slyter, L. L., Satter, L. D. & Dinius, D. A. (1979). Effect of ruminal ammonia concentration on nitrogen utilization by steers. Journal of Animal Science 48, 906–912.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Snedecor, G. W. & Cochran, W. G. (1967). Statistical Methods, 6th edn.Ames, Iowa: The Iowa State University Press.Google Scholar