Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-p2v8j Total loading time: 0.001 Render date: 2024-05-18T01:45:43.123Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effect of temperature and scarification on germination and emergence of wild safflower, Carthamus oxyacantha Bieb.

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 March 2009

A. Bassiri ,
I. Rouhani  and
S. R. Ghorashy
A. Bassiri
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Pahlavi University, Shiraz, Iran
I. Rouhani
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Pahlavi University, Shiraz, Iran
S. R. Ghorashy
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Pahlavi University, Shiraz, Iran
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Seeds of wild safflower, Carthamus oxyacantha Bieb., collected from the Bajgah area, Iran, were subjected to chilling and/or scarification and their germination and emergence characteristics and seedling growth were studied in two laboratory experiments. Seeds of Arak 2811 variety of cultivated safflower, C. tinctorius L., harvested from the same area at the same time was used for comparison.

In the first experiment, the untreated, scarified, chilled at 0 °C for 1 month, and chilled and scarified wild seed and seed of the variety Arak 2811 were incubated at six different temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 °C) and their germination percentage and seedling lengths were recorded. In the second experiment, the seeds of the above five treatments were planted in a silty clay loam at room temperature (23 ± 2 °C) and their emergence and seedling heights were noted.

In all cases, the cultivated variety, Arak 2811, had higher germination and emergence percentages and seedling heights than the wild type. Germination of both strains was greatly reduced at the two extreme temperatures (5 and 30 °C). The optimum temperatures for germination of the wild and the cultivated strains were between 15 and 20 °C.

Scarification of the wild seed did not improve the germination or emergence percentages and chilling of the seed for a month at 0 °C reduced the emergence of the wild seed. Temperature of germination, however, seemed to be an important factor affecting germination and seedling growth of wild safflower.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 84 , Issue 2 , April 1975 , pp. 239 - 243
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1975

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Atwood, W. M. (1914). A physiological study of the germination Avena fatua. Botanical Gazette 57, 386–414.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barton, L. V. (1962). The germination of weed seeds. Weeds 10, 174–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beadle, N. C. W. (1952). Studies in halophytes. I. The germination of seed and establishment of the seedlings of five species of Atriplex in Australia. Ecology 33, 49–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carleton, A. E., Cooper, C. S. & Wiesner, L. E. (1968). Effect of seed pod and temperature on speed of germination and seedling elongation of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciaefolia Scop.). Agronomy Journal 60, 81–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, W. E. & Rose, R. C. (1912). The effect of external conditions upon after-ripening of the seeds of Crataegus mollis. Botanical Gazette 54, 49–63.Google Scholar
Everson, L. (1949). Preliminary studies to establish laboratory methods for the germination of weed seed. Proceeding Association of Official Seed Analysis 39, 84–9.Google Scholar
Flemion, F. (1934). Physiological and chemical changes preceding and during the after ripening of Symphoricarpos racemosus seeds. Contributions of the Boyce Thompson Institute of Plant Research 6, 91–103.Google Scholar
Jaynes, R. A. (1968). Breaking seed dormancy of Kalmia hirsuta with high temperatures. Ecology 49, 1196–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nicholds, G. E. (1934). The influence of exposure to winter temperatures upon seed germination in various native American plants. Ecology 15, 364–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Proceedings of the International Seed Testing Association (1959). International Rules for Seed Testing 24, 519–20.Google Scholar
Springfield, H. W. (1966). Germination of four-wing saltbush seedsat different moisture stresses. Agronomy Journal 58, 149–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ungar, I. A. & Hogan, W. C. (1970). Seed germination in Iva annua L. Ecology 51, 150–4.Google Scholar