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The Ethno-economy: Peter Brimelow and the Capitalism of the Far Right
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 06 May 2024
Abstract
Recent research on the far right has remained surprisingly silent on the question of capitalism. This article takes another approach. It suggests that we must understand the far right emerging out of the economic: out of the dynamics of capitalism itself. It does so through an intellectual portrait of the financial journalist Peter Brimelow, one of the most influential proponents of far-right nativist politics and a self-described “godfather of the Alt Right.” It follows his passage from financial journalist to anti-immigrant firebrand through his encounters with neoliberal luminaries Peter Bauer, Julian Simon, and Milton Friedman. Rather than for an ethnostate, I argue Brimelow is best seen as making the case for an “ethno-economy,” with immigration determined by a racialized hierarchy of human capital.
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- Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press in association with British Association for American Studies
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20 Peter Brimelow, “Freedom Pays,” Forbes, 16 June 1997, at www.forbes.com/forbes/1997/0616/5912142a.html#311701e42522.
21 See e.g. Francis Fukuyama, Trust: The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity (New York: Free Press, 1995), 16–33; Robert D. Putnam, “Bowling Alone: America's Declining Social Capital,” Journal of Democracy, 6, 1 (1995), 65–78.
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23 Gerald F. Davis, Managed by the Markets: How Finance Reshaped America (New York: Oxford University Press, 2009), 85.
24 Peter Brimelow, The Wall Street Gurus: How You Can Profit from Investment Newsletters (New York: Random House, 1986); Joseph Granville, The Warning: The Coming Great Crash in the Stock Market (New York: Freundlich Press, 1985); John C. Boland, Wall Street Insiders: How You Can Watch Them and Profit (New York: William Morrow Publishers, 1985).
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26 Brimelow, Alien Nation, 34.
27 Nicholas Lemann, “Too Many Foreigners,” New York Times, 16 April 1995.
28 Wilmot Robertson, The Ethnostate (Cape Canaveral, FL: Howard Allen, 1993).
29 N.a. “Welcome Back, Peter.” Financial Post, 11 March 1978.
30 Peter Brimelow, “Letters from the South: ‘God Won't Abandon Us’,” Financial Post, 1 Dec. 1973; Brimelow, “Business Schools: Inside View,” Financial Post, 25 May 1974.
31 Peter Brimelow, “Can You Beat Market? Some Say Yes, Some No,” Financial Post, 5 July 1975; Brimelow, “Why the Blacks Have Declared War on Jews,” Financial Post, 6 Oct. 1979.
32 Peter Brimelow, “Ian Smith's Rhodesia Is Worth Remembering,” Human Events, 26 May 1979, 8–9; Brimelow, “Support Grows for Flat-Rate Income Tax Levy,” Human Events, 17 Oct. 1981, 12, 20. On fusionism see George H. Nash, The Conservative Intellectual Movement in America since 1945 (Wilmington, DE: ISI Books, 2006).
33 Peter Brimelow, The Patriot Game: Canada and the Canadian Question Revisited (Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, 1987). See e.g. Brimelow, “The Case against Immigration as We Know It,” Hoover Digest, 2 (1998), at www.hoover.org/research/case-against-immigration-we-know-it.
34 Peter Brimelow, “Immigration Shifts Political Loyalties,” Financial Post, 5 April 1988.
35 Ibid.
36 Philip Mathias, “Just What Is an Anglo-Saxon?”, Financial Post, 11 May 1989.
37 Peter Brimelow, “We're Consistently Wrong on the Soviet Union,” Financial Post, 5 Dec. 1989.
38 Peter Brimelow, “A Green Face Instead of a Red Face?”, Forbes, 11 Dec. 1989, at www.forbes.com/2009/10/30/forbes-magazine-archives-socialism-opinions-berlin-wall-09-red-face.html.
39 Ibid.
40 Brimelow and Bauer, “Let Them Work Out Their Own Problems.” On Bauer see Daniel Coleman, “Neoliberalism and the Problem of Poverty, 1929–73,” PhD dissertation, Oxford, chapter 3; Lars Cornelissen, “Neoliberal Imperialism,” Politics, 2023, 1–17; Dieter Plehwe, “The Origins of the Neoliberal Economic Development Discourse,” in Philip Mirowski and Dieter Plehwe, eds., The Road from Mont Pèlerin: The Making of the Neoliberal Thought Collective (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2009), 259–69; Quinn Slobodian, “Neoliberal Economics and the Double Disfigurement of the Third World,” in Anselm Franke, Nida Ghouse, Paz Guevara and Antonia Majaca, eds., Parapolitics: Cultural Freedom and the Cold War (Berlin: Sternberg Press, 2021), 397–403.
41 Peter T. Bauer, “Development Economics: The Spurious Consensus and Its Background,” in Erich W. Streissler, ed., Roads to Freedom: Essays in Honour of Friedrich A. von Hayek (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1969), 5–46, 10.
42 P. T. Bauer, “Economic Differences and Inequalities,” Modern Age, 19, 3 (Summer 1975), 295–306, 300.
43 P. T. Bauer, “Foreign Aid, Forever?”, Encounter, March 1974, 17.
44 P. T. Bauer, Dissent on Development (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1976). For the first publication see P. T. Bauer, Dissent on Development (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1971).
45 Brimelow and Bauer, “Let Them Work Out Their Own Problems.”
46 Peter Brimelow, “Peter Bauer and the Emperor,” lunchtime keynote at How Does Development Happen? A Tribute to Peter Bauer, Princeton University, 6 May 2004, at https://mediacentral.princeton.edu/media/How+Does+Development+HappenF+A+Tribute+to+Peter+Bauer+++Peter+Bauer+and+The+Emperor/1_1ekvb7fq (accessed 12 Aug. 2020).
47 Brimelow, Alien Nation, 56.
48 Dinesh D'Souza, The End of Racism: Principles for a Multiracial Society (New York: Free Press, 1996).
49 Peter Brimelow, “He Flinched,” National Review, 27 Nov. 1995, 62.
50 “In Praise of Huddled Masses,” Wall Street Journal, 3 July 1984.
51 “The Rekindled Flame,” Wall Street Journal, 3 July 1986. It ran again the next year. “Simpson-Volstead-Mazzoli,” Wall Street Journal, 3 July 1987.
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53 “The Rekindled Flame.”
54 “In Praise of Huddled Masses.”
55 Simon is mostly identified with his critique of neo-Malthusianism. See Troy Vettese, “Hayek against Malthus: Julian Simon's Neoliberal Critique of Environmentalism,” Critical Historical Studies, 10, 2 (Fall 2023), 283–311.
56 Julian Simon, “The Economic Consequences of Immigration” (1989), unpaginated version available at www.juliansimon.com/writings/Immigration.
57 William McGurn, “Let ’Em In: The Argument for Immigrants,” Wall Street Journal, 10 Nov. 1989.
58 Julian Simon, The Ultimate Resource (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1981).
59 Brimelow, “Julian Simon and Me.”
60 “1988 Wriston Lecture: Fact and Fiction in the New York of the Eighties,” at www.manhattan-institute.org/html/1988-wriston-lecture-fact-and-fiction-new-york-eighties-6392.html.
61 Peter Brimelow, “Politics in Command of Learning,” Financial Post, 28 June 1988.
62 Brimelow, Alien Nation, 139.
63 Ibid., 140.
64 Quinn Slobodian, Globalists: The End of Empire and the Birth of Neoliberalism (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2018), 50.
65 See Quinn Slobodian, “Perfect Capitalism, Imperfect Humans: Race, Migration, and the Limits of Ludwig von Mises's Globalism,” Contemporary European History, 28, 2 (2019), 143–55.
66 Brimelow, Alien Nation, 140.
67 Ibid., 141.
68 Brimelow, “Julian Simon and Me.”
69 Simon, “The Economic Consequences of Immigration.”
70 Julian Simon, “Auctioning Immigration Visas: Doing Well while Doing Good,” MPS Meeting, 1986, St. Vincent, Italy, Stanford University, Hoover Institution Archives, Mont Pèlerin Society Papers (hereafter MPS Papers), Box 26.
71 Sayo Kaji, A Comment on ‘Auctioning Immigrant Visas’,” MPS Meeting, 1986, St. Vincent, Italy, MPS Papers, Box 26.
72 Brimelow, Alien Nation, 175.
73 Brimelow, “Julian Simon and Me.”
74 See e.g. MPS member since 1978 (and later president) Pedro Schwartz, “The Market and the Metamarket: A Review of the Contributions of the Economic Theory of Property Rights,” in Svetozar Pejovich, ed., Socialism: Institutional, Philosophical and Economic Issues (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 1987), 11–32.
75 Peter Brimelow, “Why Liberalism Is Now Obsolete: An Interview with Nobel Laureate Milton Friedman,” Forbes, 12 Dec. 1988.
76 Peter Brimelow, “Free Markets May Need Cultural Prerequisites,” Financial Post, 21 Feb. 1989.
77 Ibid.
78 Peter Brimelow, “Words of Wisdom from the Cutting Room Floor,” Financial Post, 1 Aug. 1989.
79 Brimelow, Alien Nation, 176.
80 Ibid., 176.
81 Peter Brimelow, “Does the Nation-State Exist?”, Social Contract, Summer 1993, 229–34, 232.
82 David Frum, “Immigration Needs Reform, Not Abolition,” Financial Post, 22 April 1995.
83 Jesse E. Todd Jr., “The Horror of Immigration,” Daily Press (Newport News, VA), 9 July 1995.
84 Gregory P. Pavlik, “Review of Peter Brimelow, Alien Nation,” The Freeman, Dec. 1995, 794.
85 Brimelow, Alien Nation, xvii. See e.g. Peter Brimelow, “Refugees Stir Emotion – but Are Cause and Effect Yet Understood?”, Financial Post, 25 Aug. 1979.
86 Brimelow, Alien Nation, xxi.
87 Ibid., 237.
88 Ibid., 119.
89 See Joseph E. Lowndes, “From New Class Critique to White Nationalism: Telos, the Alt Right, and the Origins of Trumpism,” Konturen, 9 (2017), 8–12.
90 Brimelow, Alien Nation, 230.
91 Ibid., 219.
92 Ibid., 161.
93 Charles Taylor, “The Politics of Recognition,” in Amy Gutmann, ed., Multiculturalism and the Politics of Recognition (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1992), 25–74.
94 Brimelow, Alien Nation, 217.
95 Ibid., 219.
96 See, e.g. Nancy Fraser, The Old Is Dying and the New Cannot Be Born: From Progressive Neoliberalism to Trump and Beyond (New York: Verso, 2019).
97 Brimelow, Alien Nation, 126.
98 Ibid., 124.
99 Ibid., 125.
100 Ibid., 72.
101 Quinn Slobodian, Crack-Up Capitalism: Market Radicals and the Dream of a World Without Democracy (New York: Metropolitan, 2023), chapter 5.
102 Nina Ebner and Jamie Peck, “Fantasy Island: Paul Romer and the Multiplication of Hong Kong,” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 46, 1 (Jan 2022), 26–49; Jamie Peck, “Milton's Paradise: Situating Hong Kong in Neoliberal Lore,” Journal of Law and Political Economy, 1, 1 (2021), 189–211.
103 “The American Identity: Exploring the Cultural Basis of a Free Society,” JRC Meeting, 21–23 Oct. 1994, Rockford Records, Carlson Papers, Box 196, Folder 13.
104 Todd, “The Horror of Immigration.”
105 Neal Stephenson, Snow Crash (New York: Del Rey, 1992).
106 Steve Sailer, “Snow Crash and The Camp of the Saints,” iSteve (27 May 2006), at https://isteve.blogspot.com/2006/05/snow-crash-and-camp-of-saints.html.
107 Sara Diamond, “Right-Wing Politics and the Anti-immigration Cause,” Social Justice, 23, 3 (Fall 1996), 154–68, 158.
108 Jean Raspail, The Camp of the Saints (New York: Scribner, 1975).
109 Peter Brimelow, “Summer in the Big Apple Far from Rosy,” Financial Post, 19 Aug. 1978.
110 Elian Peltier and Nicholas Kulish, “A Racist Book's Malign and Lingering Influence,” New York Times, 22 Nov. 2019, at www.nytimes.com/2019/11/22/books/stephen-miller-camp-saints.html; Cécile Alduy, “What a 1973 French Novel Tells Us about Marine Le Pen, Steve Bannon and the Rise of the Populist Right,” Politico, 23 April 2017, at www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/04/23/what-a-1973-french-novel-tells-us-about-marine-le-pen-steve-bannon-and-the-rise-of-the-populist-right-215064.
111 Samuel Francis, “Illegal Immigration Pressure,” Washington Times, 31 Dec. 1991. On Francis see D. J. Mulloy, “Continuity and Disruption: American White Nationalism, the Alt-Right, and the Politics of Displacement at the Beginning of the Twenty-First Century,” in José Pedro Zúquete and Riccardo Marchi, eds., Global Identitarianism (New York: Routledge, 2023), 127–41, 131.
112 Zolberg, A Nation by Design, 384–85.
113 C. K. Tyler, “‘Disadvantaged’ May Pay New Tax,” Washington Times, 18 July 1993.
114 Raspail, Jean, The Camp of the Saints (Petosky, MI: Social Contract Press, 1994)Google Scholar.
115 John Tanton, “The Camp of the Saints Revisited,” Social Contract, Winter 1994–95, 83.
116 Jared Taylor, “Fairest Things Have Fleetest Endings,” American Renaissance, June 1995.
117 Wampole, Christy, Degenerative Realism: Novel and Nation in Twenty-First-Century France (New York: Columbia University Press, 2020)Google Scholar, chapter 3.
118 For a contemporary mainstream reflection on the meaning of the novel see Matthew Connelly and Paul Kennedy, “Must It Be the Rest against the West?”, Atlantic Monthly, Dec. 1994.
119 Garrett Hardin, “Lifeboat Ethics: The Case against Helping the Poor,” Psychology Today, Sept. 1974, 800–12.
120 Brimelow, Alien Nation, 245.
121 Ibid., 249.
122 Ibid., 245.
123 Ibid., 245.
124 Paul Craig Roberts, “Transition to Freedom: The New Soviet Challenge,” Cato Policy Report, 1 (Jan.–Feb. 1991), 1.
125 Paul Craig Roberts, “Alien Future,” Chronicles, July 1995, 27–28.
126 Samuel Francis, “The Democrats Take the Lead on Stopping Immigration,” Washington Times, 9 June 1995.