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Machine learning models for prediction of double and triple burdens of non-communicable diseases in Bangladesh

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 March 2024

Md. Akib Al-Zubayer Open the ORCID record for Md. Akib Al-Zubayer [Opens in a new window] ,
Khorshed Alam Open the ORCID record for Khorshed Alam [Opens in a new window] ,
Hasibul Hasan Shanto Open the ORCID record for Hasibul Hasan Shanto [Opens in a new window] ,
Md. Maniruzzaman ,
Uttam Kumar Majumder  and
Benojir Ahammed Open the ORCID record for Benojir Ahammed [Opens in a new window]
Md. Akib Al-Zubayer
Affiliation:
Statistics Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
Khorshed Alam
Affiliation:
School of Business, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
Hasibul Hasan Shanto
Affiliation:
Statistics Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
Md. Maniruzzaman
Affiliation:
Statistics Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
Uttam Kumar Majumder
Affiliation:
Statistics Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
Benojir Ahammed*
Affiliation:
Statistics Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
*
Corresponding author: Benojir Ahammed; Emails: benojir@stat.ku.ac.bd; benojirstat@gmail.com
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Abstract

Increasing prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) has become the leading cause of death and disability in Bangladesh. Therefore, this study aimed to measure the prevalence of and risk factors for double and triple burden of NCDs (DBNCDs and TBNCDs), considering diabetes, hypertension, and overweight and obesity as well as establish a machine learning approach for predicting DBNCDs and TBNCDs. A total of 12,151 respondents from the 2017 to 2018 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey were included in this analysis, where 10%, 27.4%, and 24.3% of respondents had diabetes, hypertension, and overweight and obesity, respectively. Chi-square test and multilevel logistic regression (LR) analysis were applied to select factors associated with DBNCDs and TBNCDs. Furthermore, six classifiers including decision tree (DT), LR, naïve Bayes (NB), k-nearest neighbour (KNN), random forest (RF), and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) with three cross-validation protocols (K2, K5, and K10) were adopted to predict the status of DBNCDs and TBNCDs. The classification accuracy (ACC) and area under the curve (AUC) were computed for each protocol and repeated 10 times to make them more robust, and then the average ACC and AUC were computed. The prevalence of DBNCDs and TBNCDs was 14.3% and 2.3%, respectively. The findings of this study revealed that DBNCDs and TBNCDs were significantly influenced by age, sex, marital status, wealth index, education and geographic region. Compared to other classifiers, the RF-based classifier provides the highest ACC and AUC for both DBNCDs (ACC = 81.06% and AUC = 0.93) and TBNCDs (ACC = 88.61% and AUC = 0.97) for the K10 protocol. A combination of considered two-step factor selections and RF-based classifier can better predict the burden of NCDs. The findings of this study suggested that decision-makers might adopt suitable decisions to control and prevent the burden of NCDs using RF classifiers.

Keywords

classificationmachine learningnon-communicable diseases
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Biosocial Science , Volume 56 , Issue 3 , May 2024 , pp. 426 - 444
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press

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