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Article contents
“The Fittest Subject for A King's Quarrel”: An Essay on the Militia Controversy 1641-1642*
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 16 January 2014
Extract
The struggle between King and Parliament in 1641-42 for command of the militia was to King Charles I “the Fittest Subject for a King's Quarrel.” As the King himself and a group of pamphleteers, preachers and members of Parliament realized, the controversy was not just a contest for control of military power. The fundamental issue was a change in England's government, a shift in sovereignty from King or King-in-Parliament to Parliament alone. As Charles explained, “Kingly Power is but a shadow” without command of the militia. His contemporaries, representing various political allegiances, also testified to the significance of the contest over the militia. They described it as the “avowed foundation” of the Civil War, “the greatest concernment” ever faced by the House of Commons, and the “great quarrel” between the King and his critics. To some men it was this dispute over military authority and the implications for government which were inherent in it, rather than disagreements about religion, taxes or foreign policy, that made civil war unavoidable.
Concern about military authority first erupted in the fall of 1641 in response to a series of events – rumors of plots involving the King, the presence in London of disbanded soldiers who had returned from the war with Scotland, the “Incident” in Scotland, and above all the rebellion in Ireland which required the levying of an army to subdue those rebels.
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Footnotes
*
The author wishes to thank the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences at George Washington University for its support, and also Mrs. Letitia Yeandle at the Folger Shakespeare Library for her help in deciphering the microfilm of Simonds D'Ewes Journal after January 10, 1642.
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194. Thomson, , Constitutional History of England, IV, 153–54Google Scholar. The most recent study of the Restoration Militia is Western, J. R., The English Militia in the 18th Century: the Story of a political issue, 1660-1802 (London, 1965)Google Scholar. It is worth noting that William Pierrepont (1607?-1678) who chaired the Committee of the Militia in the spring of 1642 (Commons Journals, II, 427Google Scholar) opposed the Militia Bills at the Restoration.
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