¹ Following the lead of noted Kanaka Maoli scholar Silva's, Noenoe K. arguments in her award-winning Aloha Betrayed: Native Hawaiian Resistance to American Colonialism (Durham, 2004)CrossRefGoogle Scholar, I have chosen not to italicize Inuit words in this essay in order to normalize them and place them on equal ground with English concepts and terms.

² These spellings and the English translations of their names used throughout this article are drawn from Dorais, Louis Jacques, The Inuit Language in Southern Labrador, 1694–1785 (Ottawa, 1980)Google Scholar, 12, 13, 18, 19, 22, 26. Despite its vast geographic range and important dialect differences, Inuktitut, the Inuit language, is remarkably consistent across the arctic. Where possible, I have tried to use the dialect of Labrador in this essay (e.g., the visitors' personal names); however, many of the Inuktitut terms I employ come from better-attested dialects, in particular those of Nunavut.

³ Cartwright, George, A Journal of Transactions and Events During a Residence of Nearly Sixteen Years on the Coast of Labrador (London, 1792)Google Scholar, I:266–67.

⁴ The meaning of this place name, as well as its correct spelling in present-day Inuktitut orthography, is unclear. See Lisa Rankin et al., “Toponymic and Cartographic Research Conducted for the Labrador Métis Nation,” September 2008, available at http://www.mun.ca/labmetis/pdf/toponymy%20final%20report.pdf (accessed 13 September 2012). Drawing from early explorers' accounts, this report also suggests that the more specific name for the people to whom Atajuq and the others belonged, as opposed to the generalized “Inuit,” was Netcetumiut, a name that appears to mean “sealing-place people.”

⁵ Cartwright, A Journal, I:266–67, 269.

⁶ Steffler, John, The Afterlife of George Cartwright (Mississauga, 1999)Google Scholar, 9.

⁷ For a summary of this debate, including one Indigenous Hawaiian response to it, see Borofsky, Robert, “Cook, Lono, Obeyesekere, and Sahlins,” Current Anthropology 38, no. 2 (1997): 255–82CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

⁸ For an overview of Atlantic World scholarship, see Baylin, Bernard, Atlantic History: Concept and Contours (Cambridge, 2005)Google Scholar and Kupperman, Karen Ordahl, The Atlantic in World History (Oxford, 2012)Google Scholar. For the two examples given, see Parrish, Susan Scott, American Curiosity: Cultures of Natural History in the Colonial British Atlantic World (Chapel Hill, 2006)Google Scholar and Roach, James, Cities of the Dead: Circum-Atlantic Performance (New York, 1996)Google Scholar.

⁹ Examples include Schneer, Jonathan, London 1900: The Imperial Metropolis (New Haven, CT, 2001)Google Scholar; Hall, Catherine, Civilising Subjects: Metropole and Colony in the English Imagination (Cambridge, 2002)Google Scholar; Jacobs, Jane M., Edge of Empire: Postcolonialism and the City (London, 1996)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; and Rawley, James A., London: Metropolis of the Slave Trade (Columbia, MS, 2003)Google Scholar.

¹⁰ Benton, Gregor and Gomez, Edmund Terence, The Chinese in Britain, 1800–Present: Economy, Transnationalism, Identity (London, 2011)Google Scholar; Cobbing, Andrew, The Japanese Discovery of Victorian Britain Early Travel Encounters in the Far West (London, 1998)Google Scholar; Hackforth-Jones, Jocelyn et al. , Between Worlds: Voyagers to Britain, 1700–1850 (London, 2007)Google Scholar.

¹¹ See, for example, Habib, Imtiaz, Black Lives in the English Archives, 1500–1677: Imprints of the Invisible (Farnham, 2008)Google Scholar; Gerzina, Gretchen Holbrook, Black London: Life Before Emancipation (Newark, 1995)Google Scholar; and McLeod, John, Postcolonial London: Rewriting the Metropolis (London, 2004)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

¹² For the purposes of this essay, and for the larger project from which it is drawn, “Indigenous” refers primarily to peoples who experienced colonialism at the hands of European and other modern nation-states over the past five centuries. More specifically, the larger work focuses on Indigenous peoples whose territories became part of the settler colonial societies of the United States, Canada, New Zealand, and Australia. Such uses of “Indigenous,” increasingly the consensus among scholars in numerous disciplines, draw on the present-day self-identification that undergirds, for example, the United Nations Declaration of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples—which, interestingly, deliberately does not include a specific definition of the term. We might think of this as “capital-I Indigenous,” as opposed to “little-i indigenous,” which recognizes the depth of inhabitance in place among other peoples, including, for example, Londoners whose ancestors had lived in that place along the Thames for generations, centuries, or longer. For attitudes toward and displays of Indigenous people in Britain in the eighteenth century and beyond, see Bickham, Troy, Savages within the Empire: Representations of American Indians in Eighteenth-Century Britain (Oxford, 2006)Google Scholar; Fulford, Tim, Romantic Indians: Native Americans, British Literature, and Transatlantic Culture, 1756–1830 (Oxford, 2006)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Flint, Kate, The Transatlantic Indian, 1776–1930 (Princeton, 2008)Google Scholar; Seth, Vanita, Europe's Indians: Producing Racial Difference, 1500–1900 (Durham, 2010)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Crais, Clifton and Scully, Pamela, Sara Baartman and the Hottentot Venus: A Ghost Story and a Biography (Durham, 2010)Google Scholar; Hoffenberg, Peter H., An Empire on Display: English, Indian, and Australian Exhibitions from the Crystal Palace to the Great War (Berkeley, 2001)Google Scholar; and Qureshi, Sadiah, Peoples on Parade: Exhibitions, Empire, and Anthropology in Nineteenth-Century Britain (Chicago, 2011)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

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¹⁴ While there is a fairly healthy scholarship on the social history and sociology of urban Indigenous communities, relatively few scholars have examined urban colonialism or the relationship between urbanity and Indigeneity more generally. Examples include Thrush, Coll, Native Seattle: Histories from the Crossing-Over Place (Seattle, 2007)Google Scholar; Victoria Freeman, “‘Toronto Has No History!’: Indigeneity, Settler Colonialism, and Historical Memory in Canada's Largest City” (PhD dissertation, Toronto, 2010); Edmonds, Penelope, Urbanizing Frontiers: Indigenous People and Settlers in 19th-Century Pacific Rim Cities (Vancouver, 2010)Google Scholar; Barman, Jean, “Erasing Indigenous Indigeneity in Vancouver,” BC Studies 155 (2007): 3–30Google Scholar; Stanger-Ross, Jordan, “Municipal Colonialism in Vancouver: City Planning and the Conflict over Indian Reserves, 1928–1950s,” Canadian Historical Review 89, no. 4 (December 2008): 541–80CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

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¹⁶ Eber, Dorothy, Encounters on the Passage: Inuit Meet the Explorers (Toronto, 2008), 5, 6–8Google Scholar.

¹⁷ “Inuk” is the singular of Inuit.

¹⁸ Accounts of sixteenth-century Inuit visitors in London are summarized in Vaughan, Transatlantic Encounters, 1–20.

¹⁹ George Best, The three voyages of Martin Frobisher: In search of a passage to Cathaia and India by the north-west, A.D. 1576–8, reprinted from the first edition of Hakluyt's Voyages, with selections from manuscript documents in the British Museum and State Paper Office (New York, 1867), 284.

²⁰ Eber, Encounters on the Passage, 3–4.

²¹ Brody, Hugh, The Other Side of Eden: Hunter-Gatherers, Farmers, and the Shaping of the World (London, 2001)Google Scholar, 43.

²² Jordan, Richard H., “Inuit Occupation of the Central Labrador Coast since 1600 AD,” in Our Footprints Are Everywhere: Inuit Land Use and Occupancy in Labrador, ed. Brice-Bennett, Carol (Nain, NL, 1977), 43–48Google Scholar; Dorais, The Inuit Language, 1–3.

²³ Cartwright mentioned Mikkuq in a July 1770 entry in his journal as part of a description of a counterpart named Mr. Lucas, who “had great expectations, in consequence of the interest he had with Mycock, the woman whom he took to England about a year and a half ago, and from whom he had learned their language.” Cartwright, A Journal, I:B2.

²⁴ Cartwright, George, The New Labrador Papers of Captain George Cartwright, ed. Stopp, Marianne (Montreal and Kingston, 2008), 26, 30–31Google Scholar.

²⁵ Ibid., 178.

²⁶ Cartwright, A Journal, I:264.

²⁷ Ibid., I:267–68.

²⁸ Stopp, M. and Mitchell, G., “‘Our Amazing Visitors’: Catherine Cartwright's Account of Labrador Inuit in England,” Arctic 63, no. 4 (December 2010): 405CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

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³⁰ Ibid., I:270.

³¹ Ibid., I:271.

³² Ibid., I:270.

³³ Ibid., I:266–67 (second pagination).

³⁴ Stopp and Mitchell, “Our Amazing Visitors,” 405.

³⁵ Brody, The Other Side of Eden, 46–47. For a more in-depth discussion of Inuit emotional expression, see Briggs, Jean L., Never in Anger: Portrait of an Eskimo Family (Cambridge, 1970)Google Scholar.

³⁶ Bennett, John and Rowley, Susan, eds. and comps., Uqalurait: An Oral History of Nunavut (Montreal and Kingston, 2004)Google Scholar, 182.

³⁷ Deusen, Kira Van, Kiviuq: An Inuit Hero and His Siberian Cousins (Montreal and Kingston, 2009)Google Scholar.

³⁸ Bennett and Rowley, Uqalurait, 157–59.

³⁹ Stopp and Mitchell, “Our Amazing Visitors,” 403–04.

⁴⁰ Cartwright, A Journal, I:265–66 (second pagination).

⁴¹ Ibid., I:268–69.

⁴² Manuscripts of the Earl of Egmont: Diary of the First Earl of Egmont (London: H. M. Stationery Office, 1920)Google Scholar, 2:119–20.

⁴³ Richardson, Leon Burr, ed., Samson Occom, An Indian Preacher in England (Hanover, 1933), 82–83Google Scholar.

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⁴⁶ Cartwright, A Journal, I:266.

⁴⁷ Defoe, Daniel, A Tour thro' the Whole Island of Great Britain Divided into Circuits or Journies by Daniel Defoe, Gent, 1724–1726, ed. Rogers, Pat (Harmondsworth, 1971)Google Scholar, 287.

⁴⁸ Smollett, Tobias, The Expedition of Humphry Clinker (San Francisco, 1950)Google Scholar, 97.

⁴⁹ Bruce, John, The Poetical Works of William Cowper, with Notes and a Memoir (London, 1865)Google Scholar, 2:31.

⁵⁰ Moritz, Travels, 44.

⁵¹ Christopher Hall, cited in McGhee, Robert, The Last Imaginary Place: A Human History of the Arctic World (Oxford, 2005)Google Scholar, 85; Darwin, Charles R., Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy (London, 1845)Google Scholar, 264, quoted in Spufford, Francis, I May Be Some Time: Ice and the English Imagination (London, 1996)Google Scholar, 24; Morrell, Benjamin, A narrative of four voyages to the South Sea, north and south Pacific Ocean, Chinese Sea, Ethiopic and southern Atlantic Ocean, Indian and Antarctic Ocean, from the year 1822 to 1831 (New York, 1832)Google Scholar, 60; Noble, Louis Legrend, After Icebergs with a Painter: A Summer Voyage to Labrador and around Newfoundland (New York, 1861)Google Scholar, 85.

⁵² Cartwright, A Journal, I:266–67, 269.

⁵³ Caledonian Mercury, 9 April 1818, n.p.; Morning Chronicle, 15 December 1818, n.p.

⁵⁴ Morning Chronicle, 27 December 1820, n.p.

⁵⁵ The Times, 26 May 1823, 2; The Times, 30 May 1823, 2.

⁵⁶ Potter, Russell, “Icebergs at Vauxhall,” Victorian Review 36, no. 2 (Fall 2010): 27–31CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

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⁵⁹ Rowley, Susan, “Frobisher Miksanut: Inuit Accounts of the Frobisher Voyages,” in Archeology of the Frobisher Voyages, ed. Fitzhugh, William W. and Olin, Jacqueline S. (Washington, 1993), 26–40Google Scholar; Examiner, 28 January 1854, 60; The Times, 4 February 1854, 9; Hull Packet and East Riding Times, 10 February 1854, 5.

⁶⁰ For additional overviews, see Cavell, Janice, Tracing the Connected Narrative: Arctic Exploration in British Print Culture, 1818–1860 (Toronto, 2008)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Hill, Jen, White Horizon: The Arctic in the Nineteenth-Century British Imagination (Albany, 2008)Google Scholar; Spufford, I May Be Some Time; Wilson, Eric, The Spiritual History of Ice: Romanticism, Science, and the Imagination (New York, 2003)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

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⁶² Hallendy, Norman, Inuksuit: Silent Messengers of the Arctic (Vancouver, 2001)Google Scholar, 84.

⁶³ Van Deusen, Kiviuq, 15.

⁶⁴ Stopp and Mitchell, “Our Amazing Visitors,” 409–10.

⁶⁵ Cartwright, A Journal, I:269–71 (second pagination).

⁶⁶ Stopp and Mitchell, “Our Amazing Visitors.”

⁶⁷ Cartwright, A Journal, I:271–73 (second pagination).

⁶⁸ Ibid., I:274–76 (second pagination).

⁶⁹ Bennett and Rowley, Uqalurait, 221–22.

⁷⁰ Nuttall, “The Name Never Dies,” 127, 134.

⁷¹ Cartwright, A Journal, I:286–87 (second pagination).

⁷² Cartwright, New Labrador Papers, 177.

⁷³ Ibid., 11–12, 17.

⁷⁴ For recent and contemporary issues in Labrador/Nunatsiavut, see Our Footsteps Are Everywhere; Settlement, Subsistence, and Change Among the Labrador Inuit: The Nunatsiavummiut Experience, ed. Natcher, David C., Felt, Lawrence, and Procter, Andrea (Winnipeg, 2012)Google Scholar; and the Nunatsiavut government's official website, www.nunatsiavat.com.

⁷⁵ Rowley, “Frobisher Miksanut,” 31–32.

⁷⁶ Hallendy, Inuksuit, 84.

⁷⁷ Brody, The Other Side of Eden, 26.

⁷⁸ Isuma Productions, www.isuma.tv (accessed 3 September 2012).

⁷⁹ Bonnerjea, Rene, “A Strange Apparition in Chelsea,” One Eye Grey: Stories from Another London 4 (2008): 2–7Google Scholar.