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The effect of homogenisation pressure on the microstructure of milk during evaporation and drying: particle-size distribution, electronic scanning microscopy, water activity and isotherm

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 October 2023

Thiago Medeiros Zacaron ,
Júlia d'Almeida Francisquini Open the ORCID record for Júlia d'Almeida Francisquini [Opens in a new window] ,
Ítalo Tuler Perrone  and
Rodrigo Stephani
Thiago Medeiros Zacaron
Affiliation:
Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036-330 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
Júlia d'Almeida Francisquini
Affiliation:
Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036-330 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
Ítalo Tuler Perrone
Affiliation:
Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036-330 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
Rodrigo Stephani*
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036-330 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
*
Corresponding author: Rodrigo Stephani; Email: rodrigo.stephani@ufjf.edu.br
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Abstract

Homogenisation is a widely used technique in manufacturing powdered milk with a direct impact on product solubility, and the homogenisation pressure is a central attribute of this process. We aimed to understand the effect of increasing homogenisation pressures (0/0, 15/5, and 75/5 MPa, 1st/2nd stages) on particle-size distribution during homogenised whole milk powder manufacture and rehydration of the final product. The fluid milk was thermally treated, homogenised, concentrated by rotary evaporation, and then dried using a spray dryer. Particle size (Dv90) was monitored at all stages of the manufacturing process. The final product (milk powder) was analysed using particle-size distribution, electronic scanning microscopy, water activity, and isotherms. The results demonstrated that increasing the homogenisation pressure leads to milk powder with smaller particle size when rehydrated (Dv90 values: 6.08, 1.48 and 0.64 μm for 0, 20 and 80 MPa, respectively). Furthermore, the volume (%) of the particles in the ‘sub-micro’ region (smaller than 1.0 μm) presented an inversely proportional profile to the homogenisation pressure (homogenised fluid milk: 86.1, 29.3 and 2.4%; concentrated milk: 86.1, 26.5 and 5.7%, and reconstituted milk powder: 84.2, 31.8 and 10.9%). Surprisingly, this pattern was not observed in the SPAN value (which corresponds to the width or range of the size distribution based on the volume). Additionally, the increase in the homogenisation pressure did not affect the sorption isotherm pattern. These results demonstrate that increasing the homogenisation pressure decreases the particle size of the reconstituted powdered milk, indicating the potential for future studies on how this phenomenon affects its physicochemical and final product properties.

Keywords

High-pressure homogenisationhomogenisationnanoparticulated milknanotechnologypowdered milk
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Dairy Research , Volume 90 , Issue 3 , August 2023 , pp. 299 - 305
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Hannah Dairy Research Foundation

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