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Prediction of the staphylococcal enterotoxin A production in simulated Minas Frescal cheese conditions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 October 2025

Mirian Pereira da Silva ,
Antônio Fernandes de Carvalho ,
Wilmer E. Luera Peña  and
Luis Augusto Nero Open the ORCID record for Luis Augusto Nero [Opens in a new window]
Mirian Pereira da Silva
Affiliation:
Department of Food Technology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
Antônio Fernandes de Carvalho
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
Wilmer E. Luera Peña
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
Luis Augusto Nero*
Affiliation:
Department of Food Technology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
*
Corresponding author: Luís Augusto Nero; Email: nero@ufv.br
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Abstract

This study aimed to develop a predictive model to investigate the effect of temperature, pH, NaCl concentration, initial inoculum concentration and time on enterotoxin A (SEA) production by Staphylococcus aureus. Combinations of three levels of temperature (10, 15 and 25°C ), five levels of pH (5.3, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5 and 6.7), five levels of NaCl (0.8, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.2%), three levels of inoculum concentration (0, 3 and 5 log CFU/mL) in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth were studied. Colonies were counted and SEA production was assessed at 24 h intervals for up to 240 h. A probabilistic logistic regression model was used to describe the production of SEA by Staphylococcus aureus. SEA production was influenced by all factors, except NaCl concentration. S. aureus produced SEA in all samples at 25°C, while the temperature of 10°C delayed the growth and SEA production of S. aureus at initial contamination levels of 3 log CFU/mL and 5 log CFU/mL and prevented it at 0 log CFU/mL. The model was statistically and experimentally validated, demonstrating a good fit, with a high percentage agreement, Nagelkerke's R2 and the Hosmer and Lemeshow test for the SEA production model. The experimental validation confirmed the effectiveness of the models for predicting the probability of SEA production by S. aureus in Minas Frescal cheese.

Keywords

enterotoxin Amathematical modelMinas Frescal cheesepredictive microbiologyStaphylococcus aureus

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Dairy Research , First View , pp. 1 - 11
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Hannah Dairy Research Foundation.

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